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The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution

    https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814415743_0003Cited by:32 (Source: Crossref)
    Abstract:

    The following sections are included:

    • Introduction

    • Fitness Landscapes in Sequence Space

    • The NK Model of Rugged Fitness Landscapes

      • The NK Model of Random Epistatic Interactions

    • The Rank Order Statistics on K = N − 1 Random Landscapes

      • The number of local optima is very large

      • The expected fraction of fitter 1-mutant neighbors dwindles by 1/2 on each improvement step

      • Walks to local optima are short and vary as a logarithmic function of N

      • The expected time to reach an optimum is proportional to the dimensionality of the space

      • The ratio of accepted to tried mutations scales as lnN/N

      • Any genotype can only climb to a small fraction of the local optima

      • A small fraction of the genotypes can climb to any one optimum

    • Conflicting constraints cause a “complexity catastrophe”: as complexity increase accessible adaptive peaks fall toward the mean fitness

      • The “Tunable” NK Family of Correlated Landscapes

      • Other Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Their Landscapes

    • Summary

    • References