Perspectives on Particle Physics

The following sections are included:

• CONTENTS

• Editors’ Foreword

• PREFACE

The following sections are included:

• Miyazawa, My Personal Memories

• Miyazawa in the History of Physics

The following sections are included:

• PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES

• MIRROR THEOREMS FOR MAGNETIC MOMENTS

• EXCHANGE MOMENTS AND GAUGE INVARIANCE

• ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM FACTORS OF THE NUCLEON

• ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT OF THE NUCLEON

• REFERENCES

Theoretical investigations on the nucleons and their isobars, based on the static strong coupling model, static moderately-weak coupling model, nonrelativistic quark model, Skyrme model and Monte Carlo simulation of lattice QCD, are reviewed.

Tracing the work of Miyazawa on nuclear magnetic moments, we discuss possible experimetal ways to see whether a real pion exists in nuclei or not. While virtual pions are known to play an important role in nuclei, as clarified experimentally from anomalous orbital g factors of nucleons in nuclei, nearly nothing is known for the behavior of real pions in nuclei. We have shown that deeply bound hybrid states of π^– are expected to exist in heavy nuclei, which can be populated by ”pion transfer” reactions.

The string flip-flop model of the interaction among quarks proposed by H. Miyazawa is applied to a simple case of two-meson systems. Scattering and bound state problems have been solved for the case of harmonic oscillator confinement. The symmetric channel allows a loosely bound state and threshold resonances while the antisymmetric channel exhibits a strong short range repulsion due to the Pauli principle for quarks. The structure of the bound state is discussed in some detail. The importance of the quark exchange effect in hadronic interactions is emphasized.

A brief review is given of the thermal Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (THFB) theory which is a statistical extension of the HFB theory and of the thermal random phase approximation (TRPA). The TRPA formalism can be generalized to the extended TRPA (ETRPA) by applying the thermo field dynamics. Usefulness of these formalisms is exemplified by some applications to highly excited nuclear collective states. It is shown that these theoretical methods are extensively applicable to the superconductivity in association with local spin fluctuation (LSF). New type of order parameter is introduced within the framework of the extended THFB theory.

We derive a new sum rule which could detect the odderon term. We also derive a sum rule which would constrain the asymptotic behaviors of the (p + pp) total cross sections.

We compute cross sections for slepton pair production in p collisions at TEVATRON and SSC. We find that a detectable number of sleptons should be produced at TEVATRON and SSC if their masses are less than ~ 100 GeV and ~ 1.0 TeV, respectively, and that this process deserves detailed Monte Carlo studies to separate signal events from backgrounds.

Several methods to search for a new heavy quark are discussed including jet shape analysis for hadronic final states and are applied to the data taken with the VENUS detector at TRISTAN e⁺e^– collider.

We discuss the momentum distribution of constituents inside hadrons in different models, utilizing the light-like description of composite systems.

The distribution of jets in the e⁺e^– annihilation is studied using a cluster analysis. We compare a new parton shower model for jets which includes the full next-to-leading logarithmic order contribution with the leading logarithmic order parton shower and the conventional matrix element method.

The three gamma decay of Z-boson in electron positron annihilation process is considered by calculating the fourth rank vacuum polarization tensor. The process is potentially expected to be the background to the reactions e⁺e^– → γγ and e⁺e^– → vγ. The rate is so small that we can neglect this process as the backgrounds even when CM-energy is equal to Z-boson mass.

Born-Oppenheimer approximation is applied to a lepton wave equation in a multi-dimensional space and the Mead-Truhlar effect is investigated, under an assumption that rotational symmetry in iso-space is broken explicitly at the level of the c-number theory.

Several issues related, directly or indirectly, to the Yukawa coupling in the Skyrme model are discussed. We try to shed a new light on the physical nature of the zero modes associated with translation (rotation) invariance of the model.

Dynamical mechanism of composite W and Z is studied in a 1/N field theory model with four-fermion interactions in which global weak SU(2) symmetry is broken explicitly by electromagnetic interaction. Issues involved in such a model are discussed in detail. Deviation from gauge coupling due to compositeness and higher order loop corrections are examined to show that this class of models are consistent not only theoretically but also experimentally.

It is shown that supersymmetry turns out to be very useful and powerful enough to determine the mass spectrum of quarks and leptons in composite models. For quarks and leptons as either almost or quasi Nambu-Goldstone fermions, many mass formulas and sum rules are derived. Among others, the mass sum rules of are satisfied remarkably well by the experimental values and estimates.

Conditions to be satisfied by the vertex operator for the closed string field theory are derived. They are the consequence of the Jacobi identify for the string field vertex. BRS invariance gives other conditions but they can be satisfied by the conventional method. Modular invariance is awkward to be formulated in string field theory. Application to third quantization of gravity is suggested.

The compactification of the D=26 closed bosonic string into D=10 superstrings is analyzed in the covariant formalism. A mechanism is proposed for the emergence of the 0Sp(9,1 |2) x 0Sp(3,3|6) affine superalgebra together with negative metric states from the “Euclidean” compactified bosonic degrees of freedom.

It is a pleasure and honour for me to participate in the celebration of the sixtieth birth day of Professor Miyazawa. I shall present our investigations of string theory in the BRS Hamiltonian formalism. The superstring theory is considered to be an attractive candidate for the unification of all fundamental forces⁽¹⁾. The requirement of gravitational, Yang-Mills and mixed anomalies cancellations imposes strong constraints on the choice of gauge groups⁽²⁾. Furthermore, compactification of Strings on specific torii has provided a mechanism to implement nonabelian gauge symmetries in the String tneory⁽³⁾ which is an important ingredient in the construction of the heterotic string theory⁽⁴⁾. It has been argued that verious compactification schemes for the heterotic string expose different Vacua of a single underlying theory⁽⁵⁾…

The Wilson-line mechanism in orbifold compactification is investigated for both Abelian and non-Abelian embedding of the Z₃ group in the E₈ x E₈. We give general argument in the fermionic formulation for the gauge degrees of freedom and show that the rank of the gauge group is reduced by introducing nondiagonal Wilson-line matrix in the fermionic boundary conditions.

We present a brief review on superconfonnal invariance and its realization in the form of superconformal algebras for models of two dimensions in physics. It seems to me that it is quite appropriate to discuss the subject at this ceremonial occasion for Professor Hironari Miyazawa, who first gave a concrete introduction of Lie superalgebra in a physical model of hadrons, attempting an approximate unified model of mesons and baryons².

The non-abelian magnetic monopoles associated with symmetry breaking by the compactification of extra dimensions is considered. We find the monopole solution of the SU(2) gauge theory on M⁴xS. It is shown that the compactified space may blow up inside the monopoles. It is also discussed the relation betweeen the Higgs mechanism and the compactification briefly.

Integer and half odd integer spin super primary fields and their possible operator algebras with super Energy-Momentum tensor in two dimensional N = 1 superconformal field theories (Feigin-Fuchs construction) are studied. A general method for obtaining (half) integer spin super primary fields is given. In this framework it is shown that the super generalization of the spin-3 algebra of Fateev and Zamolodchikov does not exist…

Exact properties of propagators can be obtained on the basis of the general principles of gauge field theories and the renormalization group. The results make it possible to give arguments for the confinement of transverse gauge field excitations for theories with asymptotic freedom and with a limited number of matter fields. The superconvergence relation obtained under these conditions has possible implications for quark confinement.

The study of the representations of BRS algebra plays an important rôle in the physical interpretation of non-abelian gauge theories. The entire state vector space is decomposed into a direct sum of the singlet, daughter and parent subspaces by exploiting BRS algebra. This decomposition is not unique, however, and an inquiry is made into the nature of this arbitrariness.

Explicit expression of global gauge anomaly coefficients A(W) of locally anomaly-free representation W of classical groups SU(N), Sp(2N) and SO(N) have been calculated in even dimensional space-time by uses of group theory and homotopy theory. As a by-product, we will prove some modular relations involving the n-th Dynkin indices Q_n(W) of these groups.

A new supersymmetric extension of the local Lorentz synmetry of the vierbein formalism is briefly reviewed. The proposed symmetry is local 0Sp(N,2;C), and is totally independent of spacetime symmetry at the Lagrangian level. The theory is quite a natural extension of the manifestly covariant canonical formalism of quantum gravity. There is no difficulty concerning probabilistic interpretability, though the bosonic part of 0Sp(N,2;C) is non-compact. The theory requires chiral symmetry to be S0(N), N being unrestricted.

The effective potential of local composite operators is employed in order to study the general feature of dynamical symmetry breaking. The ambiguity unique to the effective potential of local composite operators originating from the arbitrariness of the renormalization scheme is pointed out and its consequences are discussed. The relation of the multivaluedness of the Schwinger functional to the shape of the effective potential is clarified.

A numerical method to estimate the Feynman integrals for one-loop diagram with on-shell internal particles is described in terms of an antithetic cancellation technique using an adaptive Monte Carlo integration. This method enables us to estimate necessary integrals of loop diagrams for physical processes without analytic calculation.

The macroscopic system has necessarily the structure of many Hilbert spaces. This explains various quantum mechanical puzzling problems inherent in the macroscopic system. Discussions are given about the measurement problems, the increase of the entropy, the violation of the time reversal invariance, the connection between the spin and statistics, long time average and ensemble average and the time dependent phase transition.

Faddeev’s commutator anomaly is perturbatively obtained in a fixed-time regularization method in the two-dimensional spacetime. The consistent chiral anomaly is derived from commutator anomalies.

The following sections are included:

• LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF PROFESSOR MIYAZAWA

• Symposium of Perspectives on Particle Physics

• List of Participants