New Applications of Electron Spin Resonance

The following sections are included:

• Preface

• Acknowledgement

• Units, Constants and Notations

• Contents

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Radioisotope Dating

• Radiation Effect Dating

• Chemical Dating

• Other Methods In Geochronology

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Electron Spins and Defects

• Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)

• ESR Spectra and Parameters

• Powder Spectrum

• Signal Saturation, Relaxation and ENDOR

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Principles of ESR Dating and Dosimetry

• Procedures for ESR Dating

• Scope of ESR Dating : Events Which Set the Clock to Zero

• Natural Annealing : Lifetime of Defects

• Growth Curve : Formation and Decay of Defects

• Additive Dose Method without Extrapolation : Exact Solution

• Time Range and Samples

• Technical Procedures

• Brief History of ESR Dating and Dosimetry

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Dosimetric Quantities and Units

• Annual Dose Rate : Radioactive Equilibrium

• Radiation Dose Assessment

• Radioactive Disequilibrium

• Methods used to Measure Dose

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Crystal Structure and Defects in Calcite (CaCO₃)

• Thermoluminescence (TL)

• Speleothems

• Speleology (Study of Caves) and Paleoenvironment

• Other Calcium Carbonates

• Technical Notes

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Crystal Structure and Defects in Aragonite (CaCO₃)

• Fossil Shells in Sediments

• Corals on Marine Terraces

• Deep-Sea Sediment : Planktonic Foraminifera

• Application in Archaeology

• Technical Notes

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Anhydrite (CaSO₄), Barite (BaSO₄) and Celestite (SrSO₄)

• Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O)

• Nahcolite (NaHCO₃) and Halite (NaCl)

• Nitrates, Borates and Other Evaporites

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Structure and Defects in Apatites

• ESR Spectra and ED

• Uranium Accumulation

• Effect of Fluorination

• ESR Ages of Bones and Teeth in Paleo-anthropology

• Other Phosphates

• Technical Note

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Crystal Structure and Defects in SiO₂

• ESR Dating of SiO₂ from Fault Gouge

• Application to Fault Dating

• Sediment Age

• E′₁ Center for Gigaannee (Ga) Age

• Shock-induced Metamorphism - Impact Crater

• Paramagnetic Centers at the Boundary of Si and SiO₂

• Summary

• Reference

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Growth of Defect Concentrations in Geothermal Areas

• Silica (SiO₂)

• Zircon (ZrSiO₄)

• Feldspars

• Clay Minerals

• Magnetic Minerals and Impurities

• Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ in Ceramics

• Technical Note

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Solid H₂O

• Solid CO2

• Solid Methane (CH₄) and Others in Space

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Principle of Chemical ESR Dating

• Organic Radicals

• Forensic Science: Oxidation of Bloodstain

• Historical Materials

• Agricultural Products

• Coal and Petroleum (Engine Oil)

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Principle of ESR Dosimetry

• Gamma- and X-ray Dosimeters

• Neutron and High Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Dosimetry

• A-Bomb Radiation Dosimetry

• Accident Dosimetry

• Dosimetry for Food Irradiation

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• CT-ESR Imaging

• Scanning the Localized Field

• Localized Microwave Field

• Distribution of Paramagnetic Ions

• Crystals : Impurity Distribution

• Dosimetric Image

• Semiconductor, Bioscience and New Apparatus

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Appendix

• Index