Condensed Matter — Disordered Solids

The following sections are included:

• PREFACE

• CONTENTS

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Brief Background of the Present Requirement for Structural Study of Disordered Systems

• Structure Factors of Liquid Metals in Low Wavevector Region

• Distribution of Valence Electrons Around an Ion in Liquid Metals

• Compound Forming and Structural Inhomogeneity in Liquid Alloys

• Structure of Oxide Melts and Glasses

• Relatively New Techniques for Determining the Local Chemical Environment Structure of Disordered Systems
  • Fundamentals for the AXS method
  • Selected examples obtained by applying the AXS method

• Acknowledgment

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Structure and Forces in Liquid Metals
  • Dynamical structure factor
  • Pure liquid metal as a two–comuonent system

• Structure and Chemical Bonding in Amorphous Si
  • LCAO picture of electron density in amorphous Si
  • Effects of chemical bonding on diffraction intensities

• Orientationally disordered solid C₆₀: neutron scattering studies

• Classical Liquid State Theory Applied to Electron and Phonon Densities of States
  • Phonons from artificial internal degrees of freedom

• Conclusion

• Appendix 2.1
  • Molecular dynamics : Car–Parrinello technique
  • Car–Parrinello method
  • The Born–Oppenheimer surface
    • Simulated annealing
    • Dynamic optimization
  • Parallel MD
  • Use of density functional theory

• Appendix 2.2
  • Mapping of energy band states into liquid problem with internal degrees of freedom

• Appendix 2.3

• References

The following sections are included:

• Theories of liquids - basic concepts of liquids for discussions of physical properties of liquid transition metals
  • Radial distribution functions and structure factors
  • Models for structure factors and thermodynamic functions - from a view point of theories of liquids and computer simulations
  • Liquid models based on the computer simulations
  • Realistic interionic potentials in liquid transition metals
  • Refined theories of liquids - GB, WCA, RPA, ORPA, RYC, SMSA, ZHC and VMHNC

• The structure of liquid transition metals - from a point of view of theories of liquids
  • Fitting of model structure factors to experimental structure factors of liquid transition metals
  • Analysis of structure of liquid transition metals by refined theories of liquids

• Thermodynamic properties of liquid transiton metals
  • Thermodynamic data of liquid transition metals
  • Theories of thermodynamic properties of liquid transition metals
  • Thermodynamic properties of liquid transition metal alloys

• Electronic properties of liquid transition metals
  • Electrical resistivity
  • Thermoelectric power
  • Magnetic susceptibility
  • Hall coefficient
  • Density of states
  • The transition metal impurities in liquid noble metals, liquid simple metals and their liquid alloys

• Surface properties and atomic transport properties of liquid transition metals
  • Surface properties and the Mn anomaly
  • Atomic transport properties

• Concluding remarks

• Acknowledgement

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• DIFFERENT APPROACHES

• ELECTRONIC STATES (ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE) AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES

• INTERATOMIC OR INTERMOLECULAR PROPERTIES

• Thermodynamic Properties

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Self–motion S_s(k,ω) and dynamical structure factor S(k,ω) in liquids
  • Van Hove Dynamical Structure Factor S(k,ω)
  • Approximate formulae Relating D and η for Liquid Metals Just Above the Freezing Point

• Relation between longitudinal and transverse effects in ionic and electronic transport
  • Relation of Thomson Coefficient to Ettingshausen and Hall Coefficients in a Liquid Metal
  • Ionic Transport: Longitudinal and Transverse Effects
  • Calculation of Transverse Ionic Density Profile
  • The Haeffner Effect : Qualitative Explanation

• Force–force correlation function and electrical resistivity of liquid metals
  • Exact Resistivity Formula for Finite–Range Spherical potential
  • Weak Scattering Theory of Electrical Resistivity
  • Strong Correlations in Electrical Resistivity : Relation to Magnetic Susceptibility

• Thermal conductivity and localization in amorphous silicon
  • Some background and experimental findings
  • Results for pure amorphous silicon

• APPENDIX 5.1 MODIFICATION OF STOKES–EINSTEIN RELATION FOR LIQUID METALS

• APPENDIX 5.2 DERIVATION OF INVERSE–TRANSPORT THEORY FOR NON–INTERACTING ELECTRONS

• APPENDIX 5.3 WIEDEMANN–FRANZ LAW
  • Fermi Liquid Model of Wiedemann–Fram Law up to Metal–Insulator Transition

• References

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• THEORY

• EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AND THERMOPOWER OF BCSS

• DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Anderson Localization

• The Averaged Density Of States

• The Hubbard Hamiltonian

• Disorder And Correlation

• References

Scanning tunnelling microscopic studies of C₆₀ films carried out under ambient conditions, have revealed the characteristic FCC lattice of the C₆₀ clusters with intermolecular distances m close accord with the reported data The crystal lattice is found to contain defects, crystallographically consistent with the FCC structure. The buckyball diameter matches with the size given by the positions of the carbon atoms than by the pi-electron cloud. The submolecuar features of the carbon cage in the finest details, as inferred from the diffraction data, in the form of hexagons and pentagons, have been directly observed. Since the images obtained are distinct, the orientational motion of the molecules at the ambient temperature is believed to be frozen out. The three possible reasons advanced to explain the retardation or freezing are (i) the change in the electronic structure of the fullerene films due toclose proximity of metallic species of ions, (ii) the presence of high fullerene derivatives C_h in the sample such that C₆₀ -C_h interaction overpowers the rotational energy of 50 meV, and (iii) the existence of large electric field gradients between the STM tip and the sample. A closer examination of the observed buckyballs has revealed them to be distorted. The effect is briefly discussed.