Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies

The following sections are included:

• Foreword

• Acknowledgements

• Symposium Organization

• CONTENTS

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The CESR storage ring

• The CLEO III detector
  • Charged particle tracking
    • Drift chamber
    • Silicon vertex detector
  • Neutral particle reconstruction
  • Particle identification

• Summary and outlook

• Further reading

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Accelerator design

• Accelerator commissioning

• BELLE commissioning
  • Vertexing and tracking
  • π-K separation
  • The calorimeter

• The beam background

• Summary

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• PEP-II Machine

• BaBar Detector

• Machine and detector performance

• Future Plans

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The detector
  • Vertex detector system
  • Inner tracker
  • Outer tracker
  • RICH detector
  • Electromagnetic calorimeter
  • Muon detector

• Trigger and data acquisition
  • First level trigger
  • 2nd and 3rd level triggers, data acquisition
  • 4th level trigger

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
  • CDF Measurement of sin 2β

• The Tevatron in Run II
  • DO Detector Upgrade
  • CDF Detector Upgrade

• Run II B Physics Prospects

• Conclusions

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• B Semileptonic decays
  • Puzzles in semileptonic B decays
  • Determination of |V_cb|
  • Determination of |V_ub|

• Rare B decays
  • Charmless two-body B decays
  • b → sγ and b → sℓ⁺ℓ^-

• Interpretation—CKM

• Other topics

• Summary and conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Lifetimes
  • Charm lifetimes
  • Bottom lifetimes

• Meson mixing
  • D mixing
  • B mixing

• CP violation

• Summary

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The KTeV Detector

• K → π⁺π^- and K → π⁰ π⁰ Analysis

• Systematic Errors

• Results

• Conclusions

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Principle of the experiment

• The experimental apparatus

• Analysis

• The result

• Review of direct CP violation in kaons

• Conclusions and outlook

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• DAΦNE and KLOE: the pilot run

• Overview of KLOE and its performances

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Lepton Flavor Violation

• Quark Mixing Matrix Measurements
  • Phenomenology of CKM Matrix and
  • Measurement of
  • Measurement of
  • Search for
  • Search for and

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Charged–current universality

• Neutral-current universality

• Lorentz structure

• Lepton–number violation

• The tau neutrino

• Hadronic decays

• QCD tests

• The strange quark mass

• Summary

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The Standard Model at low energies

• The quark sector of the Standard Model

• Constraints on V_CKM

• Electroweak baryogenesis

• Future scientific program
  • K physics
  • B physics
    • CP asymmetry in B→ J/ψ K_S
    • CP asymmetry in B → π⁺π^-
    • Direct CP violation in B decays and the extraction of γ
    • Measurement of |V_ub|
    • B physics tests of the Standard Model

• A few concluding comments

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Solar neutrino spectrum

• Solar neutrino experiments

• Solar neutrino problem

• Neutrino oscillation
  • Matter effect

• Oscillation analysis by the total flux measurement

• Flux independent measurements to untangle the oscillation solutions
  • Day/night flux difference
  • Spectrum measurement
  • Oscillation analysis by day/night and energy spectrum

• Global analysis

• Future of solar neutrino experiments
  • Super-Kamiokande
  • SNO
  • Borexino
  • KamLAND

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Atmospheric neutrino beamline

• Oscillation phenomenology

• The underground detectors

• Atmospheric neutrino flavor ratio

• Zenith angle distortions and Super-K data

• Contained events in Soudan 2

• Partially contained events in MACRO

• Upgoing muons in Super-K and MACRO

• Best fits for sin² 2θ and Δm²

• Dominant and sub-dominant two-state mixing

• Subdominant ν_μ ↔ ν_e in three-flavor mixing

• P(ν_μ → ν_e) amplification via matter resonances

• Atmospheric fluxes; concluding remarks

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Neutrino oscillation searches at nuclear reactors

• Future oscillation searches at reactors

• Searches for ν_μ – ν_e oscillations at accelerators
  • Future searches for ν_μ – ν_e oscillations at accelerators
  • Searches for ν_μ – ν_τ oscillations

• Long baseline experiments at accelerators
  • K2K
  • NuMI and the MINOS experiment
  • The CNGS project

• Searches for new particles using neutrino beams

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Accelerator and reactor oscillation experiments

• Atmospheric neutrinos

• Solar neutrinos

• Interpreting the results

• Sterile neutrinos

• Direct methods – tritium and double beta decay

• The future

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Definitions
  • The vertex
  • The Z-peak cross section
  • Z pole electroweak observables

• Results
  • The Z resonance parameters
  • Tau polarization
  • The left-right asymmetry
  • Polarized leptonic forward-backward asymmetries
  • R_b and R_c measurements
  • Forward-backward asymmetries with quark final states
    • Unpolarized asymmetries
    • Polarized forward-backward asymmetries

• Interpretation
  • Extracted lineshape parameters
  • Tests of lepton universality
  • The effective weak mixing angle and A_b
  • Consistency with the Minimal Standard Model

• Conclusions and summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Data samples

• W boson and top quark mass measurements

• Latest top mass measurements

• Tevatron W mass measurements
  • Lepton scale determination
  • W production model
  • Mass fits

• W mass result from NuTeV

• Electroweak results from HERA

• Comparison of Mw results

• W width and branching fraction measurements

• Outlook

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Fermion-pair production

• QED tests

• W pair production and decays

• Measurement of the W mass and width

• Gauge boson self-interactions

• Z pair production

• Summary

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Recent measurements of R in low energy e⁺e^-
  • Recent results from VEPP-2M
    • Study of e⁺e^- → π⁺π^- π⁺π^-, π⁺π^-π⁰π⁰
    • The investigation of e⁺e^- → π⁺π^-π⁰
    • Cross section measurement for e⁺e^- → K_SK_L
    • e⁺e^- → ωπ⁺π^- (ω → π⁺π^-π⁰), ηπ⁺π^- (η → π⁺π^-π⁰, or γγ)
    • e⁺e^- → π⁺π^-
  • R scan with BES II at BEPC in Beijing

• Prospects and concluding remarks

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Theoretical Contributions to (g – 2)

• The New (g – 2) Experiment

• New Results

• Outlook and Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction and brief historical perspective

• Input parameters

• m_W, sin² θ_W, on-shell and renormalization schemes

• The running of α. Asymptotic behavior of basic corrections

• Evidence for electroweak corrections

• Theoretical pursuit of the Higgs boson

• Simple formulae for and m_W

• Recent values of m_W and , and salient results from global fits

• Vacuum stability and perturbation theory constraints. Supersymmetry

• Constraints on additional fermions and bosons; S,T,U parameters

• Additional Z' and excited W^±* bosons; trilinear gauge couplings

• Electroweak baryogenesis

• g_μ – 2

• Conclusions

• Acknowledgments

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Exotic particles

• Supersymmetric particles
  • Constrained MSSM
    • Sfermions
    • Charginos and neutralinos
  • R-parity breaking
    • Charginos and neutralinos
    • Sneutrinos
    • Charged sleptons and squarks
  • Gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB)
    • NLSP
    • NLSP
    • Constraining underlying parameters
  • Other searches, recent developments

• Search for extra dimensions

• Higgs bosons
  • The Standard Model Higgs boson
  • MSSM neutral Higgs bosons
    • Benchmark hypotheses
    • General scans
    • Recent developments
  • Neutral Higgs bosons beyond MSSM
  • Charged Higgs bosons

• Conclusions

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Neutrinos

• Supersymmetry
  • Experimental Consequences

• Extra Dimensions
  • Opening New Problems

• Experimental Tests

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Recent measurements of structure functions
  • Transition to photoproduction and low
  • Neutrino experiments
  • Precision measurement at low x and medium Q²
  • Longitudinal structure function F_L
  • Weak neutral currents at HERA

• Light quark and charm quark distributions
  • Charged currents and up and down quarks
  • Sea quarks
  • Charm

• Gluon distribution and coupling constant α_s
  • Scaling violations at low x
  • Gluon distributions
  • Determinations of α_s

• On the future of deep inelastic scattering

• Concluding remarks

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Kinematics of diffractive scattering

• Formalism of diffractive scattering
  • Regge phenomenology
  • Perturbative QCD

• Measurements of at HERA
  • Energy dependence and Regge factorization
  • Q² and β dependence
  • Diffractive parton distributions
  • Jet and charm production

• Generic model for diffractive DIS

• Diffraction in scattering
  • Rates of diffractive processes
  • ξ and β dependence

• Vector meson production
  • Flavor dependence
  • W dependence
  • Q² dependence
  • t dependence

• Deeply virtual Compton scattering

• Outlook

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Experiments and status of structure function data

• QCD analyses of g₁ data

• Sum rules and moments

• Status of A₂ measurements

• Semi-inclusive data

• Summary and outlook

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
  • The structure of a fundamental gauge boson?
  • How photon structure is measured

• QED structure function

• QCD and the 'real' photon
  • QCD structure function
  • QCD and the real photon at HERA

• Charm and the real photon

• Virtual photon structure?

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Experiment

• Evidence for the decays ϕ → f₀γ, a₀γ

• Discussion of the decays ϕ → f₀γ, a₀γ

• Other rare ϕ decays

• The decays ρ, ω → π⁰π⁰γ

• The process e⁺e^- → π⁺π^-π⁰ above the ϕ resonance

• Project VEPP-2000

• Evidence for a possible exotic baryon X(2000)

• General conclusions

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Jet fragmentation — theory

• Hadronization Models
  • General ideas
  • Specific models

• Single-particle yields and spectra

• Quark and gluon jets

• Current and target fragmentation in DIS

• Heavy quark fragmentation

• Bose-Einstein correlations

• WW fragmentation

• Summary

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Jets
  • Inclusive Jet Cross Sections at
  • Dijet Production
  • Jet Cross Sections at
  • BFKL
  • Jet Structure at the Tevatron
  • Jet Production at HERA

• Direct Photon Production

• Weak Bosons
  • Z Transverse Momentum
  • W+ jets

• Heavy Flavor Production

• Measurements of α_s
  • Consistency Tests

• Some Final Remarks

• Conclusions

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Perturbative calculations
  • More loops
  • More scales
  • More legs
  • Towards NNLO jets
  • NNLO parton evolution

• Beyond leading power
  • Event shape observables and energy flow
  • OPE of the plaquette

• Perturbative resummations
  • Parton thresholds
  • Non-relativistic
  • High energy, small x

• Novel factorization "theorems"
  • Hard diffraction
  • Skewed processes
  • Exclusive B decays

• Conclusion

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Light hadron spectrum and quark masses
  • Light hadron spectrum
  • Light quark masses

• CP-violation in K meson decay
  • mixing parameter B_K
  • Direct CP-violation

• Weak matrix elements of heavy-light mesons
  • Lattice action for heavy quarks
  • Leptonic decay constants
  • B meson mixing parameter B_B
  • Form factors in semi-leptonic decays
    • D → K^(*)ℓν, π(ρ)ℓν
    • B → D^(*)ℓν
    • B → πℓν, ρℓν

• Impact on determination of the CKM matrix

• Summary

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Astrophysical hints on the dark matter nature
  • Evidence for dark matter
  • Need for baryonic dark matter
  • Need for non-baryonic dark matter
    • Evidence from nucleosythesis
    • Comparison of the fluctuations in microwave background and the large scale structure
    • Efficiency to form compact objects

• Searches for baryonic dark matter
  • Gas
  • Massive compact halo objects
  • Dark matter black holes

• Searches for non-baryonic dark matter particles
  • Axions
  • Light massive neutrinos
  • Weakly interacting massive particles

• WIMPs searches
  • Experimental challenges of direct detection of WIMPs
  • Prominent direct search strategies
    • Aggressive reduction of the radioactive background
    • Statistical rejection of the background
    • Active rejection of the background
  • Indirect detection methods

• Conclusions

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Supernovae as a simple, direct cosmological measurement tool

• Type Ia supernovae as 'difficult' standard candles: A strategy to make them manageable

• The (only) two other analysis steps needed

• Cosmological results from the Hubble plot

• Comparison with other results in the field

• What level of confidence can be placed on this result?
  • Plugging the remaining loopholes

• New CCD detector technology for high redshifts

• "Dark energy": What's wrong with a Λ?

• A definitive supernova cosmology measurement from a satellite

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Outline

• Broad overview

• Three recent exciting results
  • Gamma ray bursts
  • TeV gamma rays from extragalactic sources
  • Cosmic rays with energies exceeding 10²⁰ eV

• Theoretical considerations
  • Extreme astrophysics
  • Non-standard astrophysics or particle physics

• The experimental situation
  • Detection techniques: gamma rays and cosmic rays
  • Gamma ray experiments and results
  • Cosmic ray experiments and results
  • Very high energy neutrino astrophysics

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Anisotropies: the past

• Anisotropies: the future

• Anisotropies: the present

• Conclusion

• References

• Discussion

The following sections are included:

• Prologomena to any meta future physics
  • Physics needs for building future accelerators
  • Physics needs for funding future accelerators

• Physics questions for future accelerators
  • Crimes and misapprehensions
    • Organized religion
    • Feudalism
    • Trotsky was right
  • The Standard Model as an effective field theory
  • What is the scale of new physics?
  • What could be out there?
  • Model-independent conclusions

• Future accelerators
  • What is the physics driving the LHC?
  • What is the physics driving the LC?
    • Higgs physics is golden
    • The LHC will not be sufficient to unravel the new physics at the TeV scale
    • LC precision measurements can pin down new physics scales
  • Why a Neutrino Factory?
  • Pushing the energy frontier

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Accelerating waveguides

• Klystron development

• Modulators

• Pulse compression

• Damping rings

• The FFTB

• The test linacs

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• High-frequency RF acceleration: 100 GHz and beyond

• The neutrino factory and muon collider
  • The individual components of the neutrino factory
    • The target
  • The acceleration and storage
  • The muon collider ring

• The role of plasmas in advanced accelerators
  • Laser-driven plasma accelerators
  • Beam-driven plasma accelerators

• Laser acceleration

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Black hole entropy

• Conformal field theories and anti-de-Sitter space-times

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• CP violation

• Neutrinos

• Accelerators

• Non-accelerator experiments

• Theory

• Concluding observations

• References

The following sections are included:

• Symposium Program
  • LP99 Scientific Program

• Contributed Papers
  • Papers Contributed to LP99

• List of Participants
  • LP99 Participants
  • Author Index

• Subject Index