Seventy Years of Double Beta Decay

The following sections are included:

• Preface

• Acknowledgments

• Contents

The following sections are included:

• From the Early Days until the Gauge Theory Era
  • The First Steps in Double Beta Research
  • Double Beta Decay, Gauge Theories and Neutrino Mass
    • Origins of Neutrino Masses
    • The Double Beta Half Life and the Neutrino Mass

• The Nuclear Physics Side — Nuclear Matrix Elements
  • A Breakthrough to the Understanding of the Matrix Elements
  • QRPA Calculations Including the pp-Force
  • Shell Model Calculations
  • The Operator Expansion Method
  • β⁺β⁺, EC/EC, β⁺/EC Decay
  • Matrix Elements for Exchange of Heavy Particles, and a Superformula for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

• Double Beta Decay, Neutrino Mass Models and Cosmological Parameters — Status and Prospects
  • Before Observation of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • After Discovery of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: Implications, and Consistency with: 1. Particle Physics Theories and Solar and Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Data; 2. Z-Burst Scenarios; 3. Cosmological Experiments (SDSS, WMAP, …) and Cosmology
    • Consistency with Particle Physics Theories and Solar and Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Data
    • Consistency with Z-Burst Scenarios
    • Consistency with Cosmological Experiments (SDSS, WMAP, …) and Cosmology
  • Other Key Experiments Contributing to the Determination of the Neutrino Mass and the Neutrino Mass Matrix: 1. Supernova 87A neutrinos; 2. Solar neutrinos; 3. Atmospheric neutrinos; 4. β Decay and ββ Decay; 5. ν-Oscillations at Accelerators

• Other Beyond Standard Model Physics: From SUSY and Leptoquarks to Compositeness and Space Time Structure
  • General
  • Doubly Charged Higgs and Pion Double Charge Exchange, and Double Beta Decay
  • Superstring-Inspired Models — R-Parity Breaking Supersymmetry and Double Beta Decay
  • R-Parity Conserving Supersymmetry and Double Beta Decay
  • Leptoquarks and Double Beta Decay
  • Superheavy Neutrinos and Double Beta Decay
  • Compositeness and Double Beta Decay
  • Sterile Neutrinos, Majorons and Double Beta Decay
  • Lepton Number Violating Interactions, Non-Exponential Decay and Time Dependence of the Weak Interaction, Violation of Pauli Principle
  • Test of Lorentz Invariance, Equivalence Principle and Space–Time Structure

• The Experimental Race: From the Late Eighties to the Discovery of 0νββ Decay
  • General
  • Ionisation and Time Projection Chambers, and Drift Chambers Combined with Plastic Scintillators
  • Scintillation Detectors — Crystals and Liquids
  • Semiconductor Detectors
  • The First Evidence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • Cryogenic Detectors

• The Future of Double Beta Decay
  • General
  • Future ββ Experiments and Tritium β-Decay: 1. GENIUS, GENIUS-Test-Facility (GENIUS-TF) and Derivatives; 2. ¹³⁶Xe EXO Detector; 3. BOREXINO-KAMLAND, 4. CUORE, 5. SuperNEMO, 6. Majorana, 7. XMASS, 8. MOON, 9. COBRA, 10. SNO⁺, 11. Tritium Decay
    • The Third Generation Experiment Proposal GENIUS
    • To the Realization of GENIUS and GENIUS-Like Projects — GENIUS Test Facility
    • ¹³⁶Xe EXO Detector
    • BOREXINO-KAMLAND
    • Cryodetectors: CUORE and Granules
    • SuperNEMO
    • XMASS
    • Majorana
    • MOON
    • COBRA
    • SNO⁺
    • Summary
    • ‘Direct’ Measurement of the Neutrino Mass-Tritium Decay
  • The Further and Real Future of Double Beta Decay

• Conclusion

• Bibliography

The following reprint articles are included:

• The First Steps in Double Beta Research
  • Brief an die Gruppe der Radioaktiven
  • The “Neutrino”
  • Versuch einer Theorie der β-Strahlen
  • Double Beta-Disintegration
  • TEORIA SIMMETRICA DELL'ELETTRONE E DEL POSITRONE
  • SULLA SIMMETRIA TRA PARTIOELLE E ANTIPARTICELLE
  • On Transition Probabilities in Double Beta-Disintegration
  • A Measurement of the Half-Life of Double Beta-Decay from ₅₀Sn¹²⁴
  • A Re-Investigation of the Double Beta-Decay from Sn¹²⁴
  • On the Double Beta-Process
  • Double Beta-Decay of Te¹³⁰
  • Half-Life for Double Beta-Decay
  • The Half-life of ¹³⁰Te Double β-decay
  • EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE DOUBLE-BETA DECAY OF Te¹³⁰
  • Geochemical Measurements of Double-Beta Decay
  • Neutrino Mass Limits from a Precise Determination of ββ-Decay Rates of ¹²⁸Te and ¹³⁰Te
  • Precise determination of relative and absolute ββ-decay rates of ¹²⁸Te and ¹³⁰Te
  • Half-life of ¹³⁰Te double-β decay measured with geologically qualified samples
  • Double Beta Decay of ²³⁸U
  • Limits for Lepton-Conserving and Lepton-Nonconserving Double Beta Decay in Ca⁴⁸
  • A SEARCH FOR LEPTON NON-CONSERVATION IN DOUBLE BETA DECAY WITH A GERMANIUM DETECTOR
  • Study of the double β decay of ¹³⁰Te
  • Pages in the development of neutrino physics

• Double Beta Decay, Gauge Theories and Neutrino Mass
  • Horizontal Gauge Symmetry and Masses of Neutrinos
  • Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation
  • Neutrino masses in SU(2) ⊗ U(1) theories
  • Neutrinoless double-β decay in SU(2) × U(1) theories
  • Neutrinoless double-β decay with quasi-Dirac neutrinos
  • Neutrino mass and baryon-number nonconservation in superstring models
  • Massive Neutrinos in Gauge Theories
  • Neutrinos in Left-Right Symmetric, SO(10) and Superstring Inspired Models
  • Neutrino masses within the minimal supersymmetric standard model
  • Zee neutrino mass model in a SUSY framework
  • Fermion masses and neutrino oscillations in SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified theory with D₃ × U(1) family symmetry
  • Neutrino oscillations in a predictive SUSY GUT
  • NEW DIRECTIONS FOR NEW DIMENSIONS: FROM STRINGS TO NEUTRINOS TO AXIONS TO …
  • Reconciling present neutrino puzzles: Sterile neutrinos as mirror neutrinos
  • Exotic mechanisms for neutrino masses
  • On Seeing the First Double Beta Decay
  • THE PHYSICS OF MASSIVE NEUTRINOS
  • Unification and Supersymmetry

• The Double Beta Decay Half Life and the Neutrino Mass
  • Neutrino Masses and the Double β-Decay
  • Neutrino Mass, the Right-Handed Interaction and the Double Beta Decay. I
  • Neutrino Mass, the Right-Handed Interaction and the Double Beta Decay. II
  • Double Beta Decay
  • The Energy Spectrum and the Angular Correlation in the ββ Decay
  • Double Beta Decay and Majorana Neutrino
  • Are massive neutrinos Majorana particles?
  • Neutrinoless double-beta decay with Majoron emission
  • Neutrinoless Modes of Double Beta Decay
  • DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • Double Beta Decay, Neutrino Mass and Nuclear Structure
  • Double beta decay
  • Die schwache Wechselwirkung in Kern-, Teilchen- und Astrophysik
  • DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • Lepton Conservation and Double Beta-Decay
  • Nuclear Double-Beta Decay and a New Limit on Lepton Nonconservation
  • BARYON NUMBER AND LEPTON NUMBER CONSERVATION LAWS
  • Double Beta Decay and the Majorana Mass of the Electron Neutrino
  • Lepton-number conservation and the double-β decay of ¹²⁸Te and ¹³⁰Te
  • Rejection of Evidence for Nonzero Neutrino Rest Mass from Double Beta Decay

The following reprint articles are included:

• A Breakthrough to the Understanding of the Matrix Elements
  • Double beta decay of ¹²⁸Te/¹³⁰Te and the question of a neutrino Majorana mass
  • THE QUENCHING OF LOW-ENERGETIC NUCLEAR GAMOW–TELLER STRENGTH BY Δ-EXCITATIONS
  • CALCULATION OF DOUBLE BETA DECAY OF ⁷⁶Ge, ⁸²Se, ^128,130Te
  • THE NEUTRINO MASS FROM DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • PREDICTIONS OF 2ν AND 0ν DOUBLE BETA DECAY RATES FOR NUCLEI WITH A ≥ 70
  • CALCULATION OF DOUBLE BETA DECAY RATES AND THE NEUTRINO MASS
  • THE SHAPE OF THE BETA STRENGTH FUNCTION AND CONSEQUENCES FOR NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
  • Beta Decay Far from Stability and Its Role in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics

• QRPA Calculations Including the pp-Force
  • Suppression of the Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay by Nuclear-Structure Effects
  • Nuclear structure effects in double-beta decay
  • Effects of Ground-State Correlations on 2νββ Decay Rates and Limitations of the QRPA Approach
  • Nuclear Structure Effects on the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • Calculation of 2ν and 0ν Double-Beta Decay Rates
  • ββ DECAY OF ⁷⁶Ge WITH RENORMALIZED EFFECTIVE INTERACTION DERIVED FROM PARIS, BONN AND REID POTENTIALS
  • ββ decay of ¹²⁸Te, ¹³⁰Te, and ⁷⁶Ge with renormalized effective interactions derived from Paris and Bonn potentials
  • Teilchenphysik ohne Beschleuniger
  • Renormalized Proton-Neutron Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation and Its Application to Double Beta Decay
  • Gamow-Teller matrix elements for two-neutrino double β decay within a second quasi-random-phase approximation
  • Second-QRPA Calculations for Two Neutrino Double-beta Decay
  • QRPA and RQRPA Calculations of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay beyond the Point of Collapse
  • A FIELD THEORY APPROACH TO TWO-NEUTRINO DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • Double-beta decay matrix elements for ⁷⁶Ge
  • Neutrinoless double-β-decay matrix elements within the second quasirandom phase approximation method

• Shell Model Calculations
  • Shell Model Studies of the Double Beta Decays of ⁷⁶Ge, ⁸²Se, and ¹³⁶Xe
  • Shell-model calculation for two-neutrino double beta decay of ⁴⁸Ca
  • A comparative study of double beta decay by shell model and quasiparticle RPA

• The Operator Expansion Method
  • AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH IN NUCLEAR DOUBLE BETA DECAY THEORY
  • A Discussion of the Question in Connexion with the Expansion of a Divergent Series Encountered in Calculating Nuclear 2ν-2β Decay Matrix Element
  • A NEW METHOD OF THE CALCULATION OF THE TWO-NEUTRINO DOUBLE BETA DECAY AMPLITUDES
  • Two-neutrino double beta decay with operator expansion method
  • Tensor force and operator expansion method for nuclear double beta decay
  • New Theoretical Results of 2νββ Decay with the Operator Expansion Method
  • Matrix elements for 0νββ decay calculated with the operator expansion method and QRPA wave functions
  • Operator expansion method and nuclear ββ decay
  • Extended operator expansion method for neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Two-Neutrino Double Beta Decay: Critical Analysis

• β⁺β⁺, EC/EC, β⁺/EC Decay
  • Nuclear matrix elements for double positron emission
  • Nuclear structure calculation of β⁺β⁺, β⁺/EC and EC/EC decay matrix elements

• Matrix Elements for Exchange of Heavy Particles, and a Superformula for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • e⁻e⁻ → W⁻W⁻ MEDIATED BY HEAVY NEUTRINO FLAVORS
  • HEAVY MAJORANA NEUTRINOS IN e⁻e⁻ COLLISIONS
  • Nuclear matrix element uncertainties in short range 0νββ decay
  • Towards a superformula for neutrinoless double beta decay
  • A superformula for neutrinoless double beta decay II: the short range part

The following reprint articles are included:

• Before Observation of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • THE QUEST FOR THE NEUTRINO MASS SPECTRUM
  • Neutrino mass spectrum and neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Neutrinoless double-β decay with three or four neutrino mixing
  • Neutrino mass explanations of solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits and hot dark matter
  • Accommodating solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits, hot dark matter, and a double β decay signal
  • Naturally degenerate neutrinos
  • Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and Physics Beyond The Standard Model
  • NEUTRINO MASS TEXTURES AND THE NATURE OF NEW PHYSICS IMPLIED BY PRESENT NEUTRINO DATA
  • Constraining almost degenerate three-flavor neutrinos
  • Constraints on mixing angles of Majorana neutrinos
  • Constraining Degenerate Neutrino Mass Models and Implications
  • Simple Connection Between Atmospheric and Solar Neutrino Vacuum Oscillations
  • Neutrinos on Earth and in the heavens

• After Discovery of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: Implications, and Consistency with: 1. Particle Physics Theories and Solar and Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Data 2. Z-Burst Scenarios 3. Cosmological Experiments (SDSS, WMAP, …) and Cosmology
  • IMPLICATIONS OF OBSERVED NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • Constraints on Neutrino Parameters by Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments
  • Neutrino mixing schemes and neutrinoless double beta decay
  • BARYON AND LEPTON NUMBER VIOLATION WITH SCALAR BILINEARS
  • Neutrinoless double beta decay with scalar bilinears
  • CONSEQUENCES OF NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY AND WMAP
  • MODELS OF NEUTRINO MASSES AND MIXINGS: IMPLICATIONS OF NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • Oases in the Desert: Three New Proposals
  • High Scale Mixing Unification and Large Neutrino Mixing Angles
  • Phenomenological Tests of Supersymmetric A₄ Family Symmetry Model of Neutrino Mass
  • Shadows of Relic Neutrino Masses and Spectra on Highest Energy GZK Cosmic Rays
  • Z-Burst Scenario for the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
  • Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP
  • THREE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP) OBSERVATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMOLOGY
  • A preference for a non-zero neutrino mass from cosmological data
  • An alternative to the cosmological “concordance model”

• Other Key Experiments Contributing to the Determination of the Neutrino Mass and the Neutrino Mass Matrix: 1. Supernova 87A Neutrinos; 2. Solar Neutrinos; 3. Atmospheric Neutrinos; 4. β Decay and ββ Decay; 5. ν-Oscillations at Accelerators
  • DETECTION OF THE NEUTRINO SIGNAL FROM SN 1987A IN THE LMC USING THE INR BAKSAN UNDERGROUND SCINTILLATION TELESCOPE
  • Bayesian analysis of neutrinos observed from supernova SN 1987A
  • SN 1987A — HISTORICAL VIEW ABOUT REGISTRATION OF THE NEUTRINO SIGNAL WITH BAKSAN, KAMIOKANDE II AND IMB DETECTORS
  • MEASUREMENT OF THE SOLAR ELECTRON NEUTRINO FLUX WITH THE HOMESTAKE CHLORINE DETECTOR
  • How many sigmas is the solar neutrino effect?
  • Solar Models: An Historical Overview
  • Are solar neutrino oscillations robust?
  • Neutrino Oscillations, Fluctuations and Solar Magneto-gravity Waves
  • LARGE MIXING ANGLE OSCILLATIONS AS A PROBE OF THE DEEP SOLAR INTERIOR
  • Final results from phase II of the Mainz neutrino mass search in tritium β decay
  • Direct Search for Neutrino Mass and Anomaly in the Tritium Beta-Spectrum: Status of “Troitsk Neutrino Mass” Experiment
  • The KATRIN sensitivity to the neutrino mass and to right-handed currents in beta decay
  • Possible new interactions of neutrino and the KATRIN experiment
  • Single β and Double 0νββ Decays with Majorana Spinors
  • L/E-flatness of the electron-like event ratio, in Super-Kamiokande and a degeneracy, in neutrino masses
  • Multichannel oscillations and relations between LSND KARMEN and MiniBooNE, with and without CP violation

The following reprint articles are included:

• General
  • Double Beta Decay – Physics Beyond the Standard Model
  • Doppelbetazerfall – Physik jenseits des Standardmodells
  • Beyond the Desert 1997: Accelerator and Non-Accelerator Approaches
  • Perspectives of Double Beta and Dark Matter Search as Windows to New Physics
  • NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY AND NEW PHYSICS IN THE NEUTRINO SECTOR
  • MASSIVE NEUTRINOS IN PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
  • Teilchenastrophysik
  • FROM NUCLEAR PHYSICS TO PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL: FIRST EVIDENCE FOR LEPTON NUMBER VIOLATION AND THE MAJORANA CHARACTER OF NEUTRINOS

• Doubly Charged Higgs and Pion Double Charge Exchange, and Double Beta Decay
  • New Contribution to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay in Gauge Models
  • Pion-double-charge-exchange contribution to neutrinoless double-β decay

• Superstring-Inspired Models, R-Parity Breaking Supersymmetry and Double Beta Decay
  • Lepton phenomenology and neutrinoless double β-decay in superstring inspired theories
  • Breaking Parity Symmetry Using Extra Dimensions
  • Neutrinoless double beta decay from singlet neutrinos in extra dimensions
  • New contributions to neutrinoless double-beta decay in supersymmetric theories
  • New Constraints on R-Parity-Broken Supersymmetry from Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • New contributions to supersymmetric mechanism of neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Supersymmetry and neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Leptoquark/Squark interpretation of HERA events: Virtual effects in e⁺e⁻ annihilation to hadrons
  • High Q² DIS at HERA and Squark Production
  • Grand unified theory constrained supersymmetry and neutrinoless double β decay
  • Limits on R-parity nonconservation from neutrinoless double β decay in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with gauge mediated breaking
  • New Vector-Scalar Contributions to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and Constraints on R-Parity Violation
  • On the SUSY accompanied neutrino exchange mechanism of neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Improved bounds on SUSY accompanied neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Neutrino mass and magnetic moment in supersymmetry without R-parity in the light of recent data

• R-Parity Conserving Supersymmetry and Double Beta Decay
  • B-L-violating masses in softly broken supersymmetry
  • Sneutrino oscillations and neutrinoless double beta decay
  • R-parity-conserving supersymmetry, neutrino mass, and neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Phenomenological implications of “Majorana” sneutrinos at future accelerators
  • Collider signatures of sneutrino cold dark matter
  • Light lepton number violating sneutrinos and the baryon number of the universe

• Leptoquarks and Double Beta Decay
  • New leptoquark mechanism of neutrinoless double β decay
  • New low-energy leptoquark interactions
  • Neutrinoless double beta decay and the HERA “anomaly”
  • Much ado about leptoquarks: A comprehensive analysis

• Superheavy Neutrinos and Double Beta Decay
  • Limits on the mass of the right-handed Majorana neutrino
  • Double beta decay in left-right symmetric models
  • Inverse neutrinoless double beta decay and ΔL = 2 processes at linear colliders

• Compositeness and Double Beta Decay
  • Neutrinoless double β decay with composite neutrinos
  • Production of like sign dileptons in p-p collisions through composite Majorana neutrinos

• Sterile Neutrinos, Majorons and Double Beta Decay
  • Spontaneously Broken Lepton Number and Cosmological Constraints on the Neutrino Mass Spectrum
  • New class of Majoron-emitting double-β decays
  • SCALAR-EMITTING MODES IN DOUBLE-BETA DECAY
  • Multi-majoron modes for neutrinoless double-beta decay
  • Limit on Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay With Majoron Emission in ⁸²Se
  • Investigation of the Majoron-Accompanied Double-Beta Decay Mode of ⁷⁶Ge
  • On the observability of Majoron emitting double beta decays
  • Bounds on new Majoron models from the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment

• Lepton Number Violating Interactions, Non-Exponential Decay and Time Dependence of the Weak Interaction, Violation of Pauli Principle
  • Lepton number violation interactions and their effects on neutrino oscillation experiments
  • Time scale of short time deviations from exponential decay
  • IS THE WEAK INTERACTION CONSTANT REALLY CONSTANT?
  • Statistics of neutrinos and the double beta decay

• Test of Lorentz Invariance, Equivalence Principle and Space-Time Structure
  • Effect of violation of quantum mechanics on neutrino oscillation
  • Remarks on neutrino tests of special relativity
  • Test of special relativity and equivalence principle from neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Comment on “Closing the neutrinoless double beta decay window into VEP and/or VLI”
  • Effects of new gravitational interactions on neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Effects of quantum space time foam in the neutrino sector

The following reprint articles are included:

• General
  • Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclei
  • REVIEW OF DOUBLE BETA DECAY EXPERIMENTS
  • DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • TABLES OF DOUBLE BETA DECAY DATA
  • Double-Beta Decay and Related Topics
  • Double Beta Decay – Physics at Beyond Accelerator Energies

• Ionisation and Time Projection Chambers and Drift Chambers Combined with Plastic Scintillators
  • Direct Evidence for Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay in ⁸²Se
  • New Limit on Neutrinoless Double β Decay in ¹³⁶Xe with a Time Projection Chamber
  • SEARCH FOR ββ DECAY IN ¹³⁶Xe GOTTHARD RESULTS
  • ¹³⁶Xe DOUBLE BETA DECAY FROM ITEP
  • Investigation of Double-Beta-Decay of ^l00Mo with the Liquid-Argon Ionization Chamber
  • Two-neutrino double-β decay measurement of ¹⁰⁰Mo
  • NEMO COLLABORATION: LATEST RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE FUTURE
  • First results of the search for neutrinoless double beta decay with the NEMO 3 detector

• Scintillation Detectors — Crystals and Liquids
  • Large volume CdWO₄ crystal scintillators
  • Investigation of β⁺β⁺ and β⁺/EC decay of ^l06Cd
  • New results of ¹¹⁶Cd double β decay study with ¹¹⁶CdWO₄ scintillators
  • The liquid xenon set-up of the DAMA experiment
  • Investigation of ββ decay modes in ¹³⁴Xe and ¹³⁶Xe

• Semiconductor Detectors
  • Experimental Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay of _l00Mo
  • REVIEW OF DOUBLE BETA DECAY RESULTS FROM ⁷⁶Ge
  • Limits on Neutrinoless ββ Decay Including That with Majoron Emission
  • Double Beta Decay — Present and Future
  • New Possibilities in a Double Beta Decay Experiment Using Enriched ⁷⁶Ge Inside of an Active Si(Li) Shielding
  • NEW RESULTS IN THE ITEP/YePI DOUBLE BETA-DECAY EXPERIMENT WITH ENRICHED GERMANIUM DETECTORS
  • SPECTROSCOPY WITH ENRICHED DETECTORS: DOUBLE BETA DECAY AND PERSPECTIVES IN ASTROPHYSICAL γ-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND IN DARK MATTER DETECTION
  • THE HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW DOUBLE BETA DECAY EXPERIMENT WITH ENRICHED ⁷⁶GE: FIRST RESULTS
  • THE HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW DOUBLE BETA DECAY EXPERIMENT WITH ENRICHED ⁷⁶GE: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES
  • Double Beta Decay – Physics at Beyond Accelerator Energies
  • Heidelberg-Moscow ββ experiment with ⁷⁶Ge: Full setup with five detectors
  • The Heidelberg–Moscow experiment: improved sensitivity for ⁷⁶Ge neutrinoless double beta decay
  • Latest results from the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW double beta decay experiment
  • Digital pulseshape analysis by neural networks for the Heidelberg-Moscow-Double-Beta-Decay-Experiment
  • Identification of single-site events in germanium detectors by digital pulse shape analysis

• First Evidence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • EVIDENCE FOR NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • FIRST EVIDENCE FOR NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY
  • Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: Status of Evidence
  • Measurement of the ²¹⁴Bi spectrum in the energy region around the Q-value of ⁷⁶Ge neutrinoless double-beta decay
  • New Monte-Carlo simulation of the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW double beta decay experiment
  • Support of evidence for neutrinoless double beta decay
  • STRUCTURE OF BACKGROUND IN HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW EXPERIMENT ON SEARCH FOR AND INVESTIGATION OF DOUBLE BETA DECAY OF ⁷⁶Ge
  • Search for neutrinoless double beta decay with enriched ⁷⁶Ge in Gran Sasso 1990–2003
  • Data acquisition and analysis of the ⁷⁶Ge double beta experiment in Gran Sasso 1990–2003
  • First evidence for neutrinoless double beta decay, with enriched ⁷⁶Ge in Gran Sasso 1990-2003.
  • First Evidence for Lepton Number Violation and of the Majorana Character of Neutrinos
  • FIRST EVIDENCE FOR NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY – AND WORLD STATUS OF DOUBLE BETA EXPERIMENTS
  • Particle and nuclear physics parameters—how do they affect the tracks of double beta events in a germanium detector, and their separation from gamma events
  • Theoretical investigation of the dependence of double beta decay tracks in a Ge detector on particle and nuclear physics parameters and separation from gamma ray events
  • Microscopic calculations of signals of double beta decay in a ⁷⁶Ge detector and first application to the Heidelberg–Moscow experiment
  • THE EVIDENCE FOR THE OBSERVATION OF 0νββ DECAY: THE IDENTIFICATION OF 0νββ EVENTS FROM THE FULL SPECTRA
  • HOT DARK MATTER AND NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY: WORLD STATUS OF THE FIELD
  • Lessons after the evidence for 0νββ decay
  • Neutrinoless double-β decay of ⁷⁶Ge: First results from the International Germanium Experiment (IGEX) with six isotopically enriched detectors
  • Critical view to “IGEX ⁷⁶Ge neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment: Prospects for next generation experiments”

• Cryogenic Detectors
  • CUORICINO AND CUORE: AN UPDATE

The following reprint articles are included:

• General

• Future ββ Experiments - and Tritium β-Decay: 1. GENIUS, GENIUS-Test-Facility (GENIUS-TF) - and Derivatives; 2. ¹³⁶Xe - EXO Detector; 3. BOREXINO-KAMLAND, 4. CUORE, 5. SuperNEMO, 6. Majorana, 7. XMASS, 8. MOON, 9. COBRA, 10. SNO⁺, 11. Tritium Decay
  • Double Beta Decay — Physics Beyond the Standard Model now, and in future (GENIUS)
  • A large scale double beta and dark matter experiment: On the physics potential of GENIUS
  • A large scale double beta and dark matter experiment: GENIUS
  • Future perspectives of double beta decay and dark matter search—GENIUS
  • Double Beta Decay with Ge-detectors – and the future of Double Beta and Dark Matter Search (GENIUS)
  • Ice shielding in the large scale GENIUS experiment for double beta decay and dark matter search
  • GENIUS - A New Facility of Non-Accelerator Particle Physics
  • A digital multi-channel spectroscopy system with 100 MHz flash ADC module for the GENIUS-TF and GENIUS projects
  • ⁸⁵Kr and ³⁹Ar background in GENIUS
  • GENIUS-TF: a test facility for the GENIUS project
  • First 10 kg of naked Germanium detectors in liquid nitrogen installed in the GENIUS-Test-Facility
  • Searching for the annual modulation of dark matter signal with the GENIUS-TF experiment
  • The GENIUS-test-facility—first results on background from ²²²Rn daughters
  • Status of GENIUS-TF-II and TF-III—The long-term stability of naked detectors in liquid nitrogen
  • Lessons after 3 years of running GENIUS-TF in Gran Sasso
  • CAMEO Project and Discovery Potential of the Future 2β-Decay Experiments
  • CAMEO/GEM Program and Future of Double-β-Decay Research
  • High sensitivity 2β decay study of ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹⁰⁰Mo with the BOREXINO counting test facility (CAMEO project)
  • New approach to the detection of neutrinoless double-beta decay
  • Detection of very small neutrino masses in double-beta decay using laser tagging
  • THE EXO DOUBLE BETA DECAY EXPERIMENT
  • A liquid xenon ionization chamber in an all-fluoropolymer vessel
  • New Approach to the Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
  • Solar Neutrinos, Atmospheric Neutrinos and Proton Decays in Super-Kamiokande, and KamLAND Project
  • The CUORE project: a large observatory for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and other rare events
  • Extrapolation of NEMO technique to future generation of 2β-decay experiments
  • STATUS of XMASS EXPERIMENT
  • The SNO Liquid Scintillator Project

• The Further and Real Future of Double Beta Decay
  • Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Matrix Elements
  • LESSONS AFTER THE EVIDENCE FOR NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY - THE NEXT STEP

The following sections are included:

• Appendix A: The HEIDELBERG–MOSCOW Experiment and the Discovery of 0νββ Decay

• Appendix B: The Future of ββ Research — To Be or Not to Be?