Global Movements in the Asia Pacific

The following sections are included:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• CONTENTS

• ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND EDITORS

• INTRODUCTION

At the end of the Second World War, as we entered the second half of the 20th century, the United States of America had become the most powerful country in the world, controlling about 50 percent of world economic activities. In addition to its wealth, the United States was the symbol of “democracy” and advocate of “liberty,” “equality,” and “justice.” The United States was such a beautiful and perfect place that it was perceived by many people all around the world as a “dream land” or even as a “heaven on earth.” On the other hand, in many war-torn countries in Asia, people were not only suffering from extreme poverty, miserable living conditions, and a low level of science and technology, but were also oppressed by repressive regimes. This drastic difference was the setting in which so-called “highskill migration” started to take place…

The following sections are included:

• The Phenomenon of Globalization

• The Globalist Revival in Our Time
  • Beneficiaries of our new episode of globalization

• Transnational Business in a “Flat”World
  • This new episode of globalization might give the world economy its biggest stimulus yet

• The Balance of Economic Power is Shifting to the “Emerging Economies”

• The Political Implications of Economic Globalization

• Globalization's Positive Effects on Relationships Between the Big Powers
  • Leveraging economic power for political goals

• Diplomacy in this Changing World
  • The problem of the economies being left behind
  • Economic migrants flowing to the rich countries
  • Deadlock in the Doha Round of the WTO

• Small States are Forming Regional Communities to Gain Economies of Scale
  • ASEAN-10 plus China conclude a free-trade pact

• The Future of Transnational Business and Diplomacy in the Asia Pacific

• Toward an Asia-Pacific Community
  • The Pacific peace will be built on the balance of mutual benefit

• References

The following sections are included:

• The Global Knowledge Economy and Professional Networking

• The Definition of the Highly Skilled

• Brain Circulation in Taiwan

• The International Mobility of the Highly Skilled in Japan

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Contemporary International Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region

• Key Features of International Migration

• Debates on International Migration and Development at the United Nations

• References

The following sections are included:

• The Household and Globalization

• Global Householding in East Asia
  • Marriage
  • Bearing and adopting children
  • Child rearing and education
  • Daily household maintenance and reproduction
  • Labor migrant and household remittances
  • Retirees and the elderly: foreign hcare givers and retiree emigration from East Asia

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The Current Status of International Migration

• Immigrants in OECD Countries

• Factors Affecting the Migration Policies of OECD Countries

• Immigration Control Policies Undertaken by OECD Countries
  • Employer sanctions
  • Human smuggling and trafficking
  • Increasing numbers of asylum seekers

• Strengthening Immigration Control and Amnesty for Illegal Migrants
  • Measures to facilitate the entry of foreign workers
  • Measures for security since September 2001

• Summary

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction: Japan as an Unlikely Country of Immigration

• The Historical Background to Contemporary Japanese Migration

• Japanese Emigration

• “Oldcomer” Immigrants in Japan

• “Newcomer” Immigrants in Japan

• The “New Immigration Model” Applied to Japan
  • The model
  • The application of the model to Japan
  • Limitations of the model

• Implications of the Model for the Occupational Class Locations and Spatial Segregations of Immigrant Minorities in Japan in 2000
  • Koreans
  • Chinese
  • Filipinos
  • Thais
  • Other South and South-East Asia
  • Brazilians
  • Peruvians
  • Other foreigners
  • To summarize

• Themes which Relate to, and Develop out of, this Research
  • Testing the “new immigration model”
  • Japanese immigration policy

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Immigrants and Professionals

• Transnationalism: Blurring the Boundaries Between the High and the Low

• Data and Methodology

• The Making of a Labor Market Niche in the Transnational Economy

• Becoming Transnational Employees
  • From school to work
  • Transnational engineers and bridge software engineers

• Career Mobility in the Occupational Niche
  • Horizontal mobility
  • Vertical mobility
  • Going home
  • Becoming transnational entrepreneurs
  • The mobility of corporate Chinese women

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Multicultural Coexistence in Three Areas of Tokyo
  • Multicultural coexistence in Shinjuku Ward
  • Multicultural coexistence in Adachi Ward
  • Multicultural coexistence in Tachikawa City

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Factors Affecting the Movement of People

• The Historical Flow and Demographic Profile of Filipino Workers to Japan

• Current Level of Remittances and Volume of Workers

• Japan's Aging Population
  • Filipino nurses and caregivers
    • Nurses
    • Caregivers

• The Japan–Philippines Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

• Implications and Policy Options Concerning the Movement of People
  • Language and cultural training
  • Mutual recognition
  • Cultural apprehensions
  • Domestic regulations — Numerical quotas
  • Issues of protection

• Conclusions and Recommendations

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The Philippine Economy and Its Human Resources

• Policies on Overseas Filipino Employment

• The Migration of Filipino Workers

• The Migration of Filipino Teachers

• The Migration of Filipino Nurses

• Concluding Remarks

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Previous Studies of Overseas Remittances

• Data and Methodology

• Results
  • Characteristics of remittance flows in Vietnam
  • Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households with remittances
  • Relationship between the senders and receivers of international remittances
  • Evidence on spending patterns for remittances
  • Impact of international remittances on income inequality in Vietnam

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Vulnerability and the Choice of Vietnam as a Case Study
  • Vulnerability: Textiles versus clothing
  • The choice of Vietnam

• The Global Textile and Clothing Trade
  • Global value chains
  • Increasing pressures on suppliers

• The End of the MFA and its Consequences
  • Predictions about the end of the MFA
  • The initial events in 2005
  • Performances of suppliers
  • Vietnam
  • China

• Conclusions and Reflections

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Globalization and the Networking of R&D Activities

• The Global Production Network

• Changes in the Globalization of R&D Activities
  • Locating R&D in developing countries—notably in Asia
  • Product development

• Reasons behind Changes in the Globalization of R&D Activities
  • The multinationals’ side—seeking lower development costs
  • The developing countries’ side—increasing the endowment of skilled R&D personnel
  • The technical background—ICT development and the modularity of computer architecture

• The Emergence of the Global Development Network
  • The global development network
  • The rising presence of Taiwan
  • The effects on the mobility of skilled R&D personnel and technology

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Port Competitiveness

• Port Development in Asia

• Strategy of Ports in the Kyushu Region
  • Positioning the ports of Hakata and Kitakyushu
  • Strategy for growth

• Summary of Findings

• References

The following sections are included:

• China—The Most Rapidly Developing Area in the World

• Logistics in China

• China's Ports

• China's Shipping Companies

• The Most Ambitious Port — Shanghai Port

• Acknowledgments

• References

Under the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ principle, the motherland has included Hong Kong in the Five-Year Plan and it says clearly that it will support Hong Kong's financial, logistics, tourism and IT industries. It will preserve Hong Kong's status as an international financial, trade and shipping centre…

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Energy and National Economic Security in Asia

• Why does the US Government Regard Sea-Going Container Cargoes as Risky?

• Literature Survey

• Chronological Review of US Security Measures for Container Cargoes
  • C-TPAT: Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (November 2001)
  • Container Security Initiative (CSI) (January 17, 2002)
  • Establishment of administrative organization
  • Coast Guard regulations for ships and facilities
  • SAFE Port Act (October 2006)

• Impact and Implications of the SAFE Port Act for Discussion and Further Research

• Concluding Remarks

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Global Economic Restructuring: Urban Entrepreneurialism and Megaprojects

• The Hybrid Chinese Urban Megaprojects

• Case Studies

• Building the Central Business District in Beijing

• Architecture as Advertising: Jianwai SoHo in Beijing
  • From factory workshops to SoHo apartments
  • Developers as architecture patrons
    • Minimalist and fragmented architecture
  • The money talk: Who are the buyers?

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• INDEX