International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 43rd Session

The following sections are included:

• CONTENTS

The following sections are included:

• SCHOLARSHIPS PROGRAMME

• THE ERICE PRIZE

• GIAN CARLO WICK GOLD MEDAL AWARD CEREMONY

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• THEORY OF a_e UP TO ORDER α⁴

• THE TENTH-ORDER TERM

• DISCUSSION

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• REFERENCES

According to a Pew Research survey of 3,003 Americans, conducted in recent days (but just before 13 August 2010 when President Obama defended Muslims' right to build an Islamic centre near Ground Zero in New York) a growing number of Americans incorrectly believe that President Barack Obama is a Muslim. Some 18% said the President was a Muslim (up from 11% in March 2009) and among Republican supporters, that number was 34%. Just less than that (a third of those quizzed) correctly identified Mr. Obama as a Christian, despite his regular public observations of his faith. Forty-three percent of those questioned said they did not know what Mr. Obama's religion was…

Professor Zichichi, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is a great pleasure to be here with you in Erice today to discuss ITU's perspective on Science and the future of Cyberspace. Given that they are now so completely interdependent, however, I could just as easily say that I am here to discuss ITU's perspective on Cyberspace and the Future of Science…

Vast reductions in deployed nuclear weapons have taken place, and the international consensus against nuclear weapon proliferation is strong. However, world security is threatened by emergent nuclear powers and especially by the growing threat of non-state deliberate unauthorized use of state-owned nuclear weapons and by the threat of improvised nuclear explosives fashioned from stocks of weapon-usable fissionable materials—highly-enriched uranium or plutonium

The following sections are included:

• GENERAL

• SOME HISTORY

• KING COAL WINS FOR EIGHT CENTURIES

• THE KARDASHEV SCALE

• CURRENT STATUS OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION

• METHODS BY WHICH A CIVILIZATION COULD FEASIBLY ADVANCE TO TYPE I

• ADVANCING BEYOND TYPE I CIVILIZATION

• SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL UPHEAVAL

• A RETURN TO THE PRESENT CENTURY

• ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

• AN INCOMPLETE SET OF REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• OBSOLETE PESTICIDES: A TICKING TIME BOMB AND WHY WE HAVE TO ACT NOW

The following sections are included:

• WHAT THIS IS ABOUT

• A BELIEF IN THE IGNORANCE OF EXPERTS

• AESOP AND NESCIENCE

• HOW "SEEMINGLY-WRONG" CAN TURN OUT RIGHT

• THREE EXAMPLES

• KILLING THE GOOSE WITH THE "EXCELLENCE" KNIFE

• BLAMING THE VICTIM

• KEEPING THE GOLDEN GOOSE ALIVE DOESN'T TAKE MUCH

The following sections are included:

• EMERGENCY

The rapid global warming rate of 0.16 K/decade from 1975-2001, near-identical to those observed from 1860-1880 and 1910-1940 that pre-dated significant anthropogenic influence, may also have been chiefly natural. Based on simplified methods for determining climate sensitivity without resorting to general-circulation models, the natural global brightening of 2.6 W m⁻² observed in the 18 years 1983-2001 should have caused a transient global warming of 0.6 K or, after adding anthropogenic warming, 0.8 K: yet <0.35 K warming was observed. Likewise, over the 56 years 1950-2005, assuming no net global brightening or dimming, anthropogenic transient warming of 1.45 K should have occurred: yet only 0.65 K was observed. Accordingly, current estimates may overstate climate sensitivity by a factor >2. Improved analysis of variations in cloud cover will be essential for the eventual determination of climate sensitivity.

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND

• LIMITATIONS

• WHAT CAUSED A CHANGE, AND WHY, AND WHEN?

• WHAT IS NEXT?

• EXAMPLES OF PASSIVE FEATURES

The rapid growth in the size and complexity of commercial nuclear power plants in the 1970s spawned an interest in smaller, simpler designs that are inherently or intrinsically safe through the use of passive design features. Several designs were developed, but none were ever built, although some of their passive safety features were incorporated into large commercial plant designs that are being planned or built today. In recent years, several reactor vendors are actively redeveloping small modular reactor (SMR) designs with even greater use of passive features. Several designs incorporate the ultimate in passive safety—they completely eliminate specific accident initiators from the design. Other design features help to reduce the likelihood of an accident or help to mitigate the accident's consequences, should one occur. While some passive safety features are common to most SMR designs, irrespective of the coolant technology, other features are specific to water, gas, or liquid-metal cooled SMR designs. The extensive use of passive safety features in SMRs promise to make these plants highly robust, protecting both the general public and the owner/investor. Once demonstrated, these plants should allow nuclear power to be used confidently for a broader range of customers and applications than will be possible with large plants alone.

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• SFR DESIGN AND SAFETY

• DEMONSTRATION OF SFR PASSIVE SAFETY

• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The following sections are included:

• DEEPWATER HORIZON: MAJOR EVENTS 2010

• U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SECRETARY CHU'S LAB TEAM

• DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR RESPONSES

• MAJOR OFFSHORE POLICY DECISIONS

• U.S. DEEPWATER PRODUCTION: SIGNIFICANT AND INCREASING

• MORATORIUM PRODUCTION IMPACTS

• ESTIMATED ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE DRILLING MORATORIUM

• OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRY INITIATIVE

• U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH ON DEEPWATER CHALLENGES

• REMAINING SPEAKERS

The following sections are included:

• A WELL FULL OF MUD OR CEMENT OF DENSITY COMPARABLE WITH THE SURROUNDING ROCK IS SAFE BECAUSE FLUID FROM THE RESERVOIR AT ITS FOOT CANNOT ENTER THE WELL

The following sections are included:

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• COMPONENTS OF LOUISIANA LIGHT CRUDE OIL

• DISPERSANTS

• EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH

Achieving sustainable energy systems for the world is a massive challenge that will require much better energy technologies than are currently commercially available. Inventing these better technologies is underway in many countries. By sustainable is meant technologies that endure, that do no harm, and that leave no permanent negative change in the environment. The evolution toward this desirable state is illustrated, for example, by the efforts in the United States over the past decade to analyze basic research needs for achieving sustainable energy technologies and to pursue them systematically. Needless to say the objective has not been attained although substantial progress is being made. Silver bullets are rare. Much larger research investments, public and private are needed, and they must be sustained for decades. Can the political will be motivated? Sustainable energy will require not only better technology but also better policies to incentivize invention and to encourage deployment.

Physics, chemistry and biology using synchrotron light sources and free electron lasers—now commonly called photon science—can be instrumental in providing the scientific basis for a sustainable energy future. As an example, it considers the use of sunlight to generate electricity and transportable fuels. Even in this limited arena this report makes no attempt to be comprehensive about the many ways in which photon science can be a disruptive agent in the research agenda for sustainable energy. Rather it is a call to action to use the several dozens of accelerator-based science facilities that are available worldwide.

The following sections are included:

• ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• RENEWABLE ENERGY

• CONCLUDING REMARKS

The following sections are included:

• PRACTICAL REALISATIONS: MAGNETIC AND INERTIAL FUSION

• INERTIAL FUSION

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• EVOLUTION OF THE SMART GRID

• SUMMARY

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• THE CURRENT REDUCTION PATH

• THE POSTURE OF "SCIENCE"

• A BETTER GOAL: IMPROVE HUMAN WELFARE

• A BETTER ROLE FOR SCIENCE?

• RISKS

• CONCLUSION

• EPILOGUE

The Planetary Emergencies Seminar has long considered nuclear power as an important resource for the future. These considerations have included various reactors, including the existing thermal reactors, high temperature gas-cooled reactors, and fast reactors of various types…

Refocusing on the role of science and applied science as the motor of progress, in an interdisciplinary setting, is nowhere more apposite than in the further expansion and development of the digital world. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) increasingly become the new dominant paradigm of all aspects of human endeavour, providing the all-encompassing operative system of human societies…

The following sections are included:

• BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE AND CREATING THE SECURITY DIVIDE

• STATE OF CYBERCRIME

• SOLVING THE PROBLEM: THE INTERSECTION OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND LAW

The following sections are included:

• TRUST ON THE WEB

• SECURITY OF THE WEB

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Science is the must for human culture of the third millennium. The exceptional role in this process is played by information and communication technologies (ICT), and the high demand for ICT leads to many forms of it: Internet, Mobile Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), Grid Computing, Cloud Computing. The article discusses influences and reflections to our life, caused by recent and future forms of ICT: a centralized and decentralized IoT regime, human privacy protection and protection of personal data, risk of cyber terrorism, communication reflection for the small country (like Lithuania), "silence of chips", some others. IoT is based on the idea of a worldwide, wireless, integrated network of smart facilities and devices ("things") as well as a whole range of different sensors and actuators, in which, using standard protocols, the "things" communicate with each other, and with people. Technically, the road to IoT covers device integration, certification and maintenance, service provisioning, as devices participating in IoT need to talk to each other, not just to people. Such phenomena are presented in the article as a challenge to interdisciplinary research. Future generations will have a smart live in a global environment, if we care more about sustainable development and planetary emergencies.

The following sections are included:

• A NEW DOMAIN: CYBERSPACE, SECURITY & WARFARE

• CYBERWAR

• NECESSITY OF AN INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK

• PROPOSALS FOR INTERNATIONAL CYBERPEACE

• ITU AND CYBERSECURITY

• GLOBAL CYBERSECURITY AGENDA (GCA)

• CONCLUSION

For many decades, it has been accepted that particles in ambient air can harm human health. However, only within the last decade have advances in air pollution statistics and science made it possible to evaluate which specific types of tiny airborne particles might be most harmful to human health, or perhaps have limited toxicity.

Population-based epidemiology is the standard method by which an air pollutant's harm to populations is estimated. It is important to include a large number of potentially harmful PM_2.5 species in a given epidemiology model, so researchers can be assured that any associations found are not due to the absence of potentially important PM_2.5 species. However, due in part to a lack of standardized available monitoring information for many different PM_2.5 species, epidemiology studies rarely included many PM_2.5 species in models until relatively recently. Epidemiology studies from the 1990s rarely included more than one or two PM_2.5 species in models of health effect associations (although they often included gases). The only PM_2.5 species consistently included in older studies was sulfate, which has been monitored for several decades. Perhaps unsurprisingly, sulfate was frequently associated with the health effects examined in the models.

Because several epidemiology studies with 6 to 20 PM_2.5 species have been published since 2008, there is now a "critical mass" of such at least 9 such studies. Cardiovascular disease daily emergency hospital admissions, daily mortality, or survival since enrollment in prospective cohort studies are the health endpoints examined.

In 8 of the 9 studies, black carbon or elemental carbon (BC/EC) is significantly associated with the health endpoint of the study. In 8 of the 9 studies, sulfate is not significantly associated with the health endpoint considered. Despite the fact that the metals vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) are each a tiny fraction of PM_2.5 species, every study which includes Ni, all but one which include V, find health associations with each.

These studies, by themselves, may not be adequate to make policy determinations as to which types of emissions are most harmful, and which emissions may pose little health threats. The consistency of findings, however, is quite surprising. It is doubtful that many air pollution health experts would have predicted such consistent findings. These results may suggest that PM_2.5 species capable of causing particular biological effects, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, might be the ones which cause significant portions of chronic and acute mortality and morbidity via these mechanisms. Such a possibility should spur additional toxicology research.

To provide added confirmation of these epidemiological findings, it is important to utilize toxicology and human panel studies, where the exposure to specific emissions is known accurately. Doing so will allow us to see if biological mechanisms of harm found in toxicology, from exposure to particular PM_2.5 species, would also be found in studies of humans using the same PM_2.5 species. Adverse effects associated with particular PM_2.5 species in population-based epidemiology studies, and effects caused by the same species in human panel studies, could then confidently linked. We will briefly review results of some human panel studies which allow such comparison of effects among different types of PM_2.5 species. Because effects of BC/EC, and of traffic emissions, have been studied comprehensively, we will also briefly examine findings of two review articles of such studies.

The following sections are included:

• This Presentation addressed three questions:
  • What is the state of water resources in the world?
  • What are the pressing global water related issues people face today?
  • Who should respond and how?

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• NUCLEAR WASTE

• WHY IS NUCLEAR WASTE SPECIAL?

• THE STATUS OF NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORIES

• LESSONS FROM CANADA

• THOUGHTS ON ETHICS AND SOCIETY

• AN EMERGING OPPORTUNITY AT THE BACK-END OF THE FUEL CYCLE

• THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM

A brief review is given of some of the current ideas concerning global climate since the beginning of the industrial era. While it is generally agreed that there has been a global warming, the cause of this is not universally agreed upon, particularly that it has been caused by greenhouse gases (primarily carbon dioxide) of anthropogenic origin. The arguments implying anthropogenic origin of the warming are discussed, as well as some of the questions raised. What additional work is needed to help clarify the issues is discussed.

The following sections are included:

• REFERENCES

The Earth's climate system is dominated by the need for poleward transport of energy. The transport, necessary to bring about near global radiation balance, is achieved largely by the atmospheric circulation (about 80 percent, including the hydrological cycle), although the ocean circulations are also significant contributors. The magnitude of the atmospheric transport is controlled by the rate of exchange of heat and latent energy across the interface between the tropical surface (particularly the ocean) and the atmosphere. The rate of energy exchange from the ocean to the atmosphere is regulated by ocean surface temperature and varies with the rate of mixing of cold interior water into the tropical ocean surface mixed layer.

The impact of varying tropical ocean-atmosphere exchange of energy on global climate is demonstrated through El Niño events that recur on interannular timescales. However ocean circulations that modulate mixing of cold ocean interior water into the surface mixed layer have natural periods ranging from multi-decadal, through centennial, to millennial timescale. Climate variations on these timescales are to be expected as the natural ocean periods are excited through varying surface wind stress and through variations of gravity forces associated with the orbits of the Moon and major planets.

Santer and sixteen(!) coauthors (2008; hereafter S08) claim that observed temperature trends (in the tropical troposphere) are "consistent" with trends derived from General Circulation Models (GCM). This result, if correct, would seem to support the validity of greenhouse (GH) models—and thus the claim of substantial anthropogenic global warming (AGW).

However, their claim disagrees not only with an earlier analysis (Douglass et al. 2007), but also with the conclusions of an independent study (NIPCC, 2008), and with a recent report of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP-SAP 1.1) Karl et al. 2006), which was written by some of the same authors as S08! The crucial CCSP Chapter 5 had identified a "potentially serious inconsistency" between modeled and observed trends in tropical lapse rates (Santer et al. 2006).

But S08 now claim that there are problems with the temperature data used in the CCSP report and call attention to "new observational estimates of surface and tropospheric temperature trends." They state that "there is no longer a serious discrepancy between modeled and observed trends…" Their key graph (shown here as Figure 4) conveys a (misleading) visual impression of an overlap between observations and GH model results.

I show here that no credible analysis supports the S08 claim of "consistency": The "new observational estimates" are spurious and do not agree with satellite data (as claimed by S08). I show that the wide 'spread' (range) of modeled trend values, calculated by S08, is a pure artifact that reflects the particular models' chaotic and structural uncertainties (which had been completely ignored). My conclusion, therefore, is that the claimed "consistency of modeled and observed temperature trends" does not exist.

The extent of the solar variability's climatic role is a topic of intense debate. The main reason is that if the sun is important, it can explain part of the 20^th century warming, and it would imply that the climate sensitivity is on the low side, such that 21^st century temperature increase due to human activity will be moderate. Here I summarize the evidence for how the sun affects the climate (primarily through modulation of the cosmic ray flux), how large the solar forcing is, and its implications to the understanding of current climate issues.

Present global and national schemes for carbon regulation often include methane alongside carbon dioxide. It is therefore important to understand the sources, sinks and control of methane in the atmosphere and then consider if methane should be part of any carbon regulation scheme. Atmospheric measurements over the last 50 years show substantial changes in methane concentration. Natural gas leakage from pipelines has been the major contributor up to 1990. For the last 15 years there has been little increase in concentration and natural climate variability has been the dominant control in changing methane concentrations.

The following sections are included:

• REFERENCE

We report on political realizations, technical and scientific progress, and international participation in countering Potentially Hazardous Objects that have the potential of colliding with Earth and inflicting enormous damage. We cover the areas of the most frequent, small (i.e., Tunguska-sized objects) as well as the most dangerous objects, the long-period comets that are usually ignored.

Given the large quantity of objects in space near Earth, there is the possibility that one of these will impact the Earth's surface. The most mature technologies for deflecting such an object so that it does not strike the Earth are the conventional means of hypervelocity impactors or chemical explosives. These methods turn out to be very effective because of momentum enhancement, which is the increase in momentum transferred to a target due to ejecta material being thrown backwards during crater formation, i.e., the objects themselves supplying some of the material that leads to the change in momentum. Quantitative estimates of momentum enhancement are of interest in determining the effectiveness of hypervelocity impactors and chemical explosives in deflecting potentially hazardous cosmic objects. This paper explores momentum enhancement both experimentally and computationally, showing that enhancements on the order of 10 are a possibility.

There are many outstanding questions about the correct response to an asteroid or comet impact threat on Earth. Nuclear munitions are currently thought to be the most efficient method of delivering an impact-preventing impulse to a potentially hazardous object (PHO). However, there are major uncertainties about the response of PHOs to a nuclear burst, and the most appropriate ways to use nuclear munitions for hazard mitigation.

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE OF THE "CITADEL" PLANETARY DEFENSE SYSTEM

• CHOICE OF METHODS FOR ACTION AGAINST DANGEROUS CELESTIAL BODIES

• THE INTERCEPTION OF A DCB BY SHORT-TERM REACTION METHODS

• INTERNATIONAL LEGAL BASES FOR ENSURING THE PLANETARY DEFENSE

• CONCLUSION

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

The following sections are included:

• SCIENCE IN DIPLOMACY

• DIPLOMACY FOR SCIENCE

• SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMACY

The following sections are included:

• PURPOSE OF STUDY AND BACKGROUND

• STANDARDS OF MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

• HISTORICAL MEDICAL CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT LESSONS-LEARNED

• CURRENT BASELINE OF MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF RDD EVENTS

• MILITARY MEDICAL CAPABILITY PERSPECTIVE

• CIVILIAN FIRST RESPONDER COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE

• SUMMARY OF SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT OBSERVATIONS TO ACHIEVE ENHANCED MEDICAL OUTCOMES

• SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• CONVERSIONS OF CONVENTIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF DOSIMETRIC EQUIVALENTS

• SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS (SMES) INTERVIEWED

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following sections are included:

• IS ISLAM THE PROBLEM?

• WHO ARE THE ISLAMISTS?

• WHAT ARE THEY FIGHTING FOR?

• HOW DID ISLAMISTS BECOME SO POWERFUL?

• COMBATING TERROR: WHAT SHOULD THE WEST DO?

• TOWARDS ELIMINATING TERROR: WHAT SHOULD MUSLIMS DO?

• CONCLUSION

Terrorists using a Weapon of Mass Disturbance (WMDi) have the capability to cause massive disarray in the administration in the targeted area and interrupt daily routines of society at a catastrophic level. The following major categories of WMDi and modes of their deployment have been identified:

WMDi categories:

Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD), covert radiation weapon, disruption of food-and drinking water supply, cyber threats, contamination of monetary supply, disruption of energy supply, disruption of telecommunication, disruption of IT infrastructure and banking sector, and disruption of mass transportation system.

Modes of WMDi attack:

Radioactive aerosol dispersion, dirty bomb, plane as guided missile, contamination of roads, radiation as a covert murder weapon, covert public irradiation, radiation blackmail; threats against personnel; threats against oil- and gas Installations; attack on the food supply at the farm level and storage site, during food processing, at the food distribution centre, at food services; cyber attacks via WLAN, forged messages, denial-of-service, physical vulnerability of stations; different modes of violent physical attacks on sectors of the national critical infrastructure (energy, communication, transport, financial sector).

The following sections are included:

• CELL PHONES AS A NETWORK OF SENSORS

• SYSTEM DESIGN

• EXAMPLE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2001

• ROBUSTNESS

• HIGHER-LEVEL OPERATING SOFTWARE

• THE SAFE AMERICA FOUNDATION'S TEXTING DRIVE

• BRIEF SUMMARY OF PROTOCOLS

• CONCLUSIONS

• REFERENCES

As Professor Zichichi said, I have been following your activities in Erice for almost half a century. Every year, thousands of scientists present their latest discoveries and inventions here, thus promoting a Science without secrets and without borders. But you do not limit yourselves to conducting studies and research that the general public might consider purely theoretical. You caught my attention with your study of Planetary Emergencies and with your worldwide implementation of projects aimed at proving that we can address and solve these Planetary Emergencies. You have realised a hundred projects in 50 countries in order to convince us politicians that where there is a political will, Planetary Emergencies can be addressed and solved…

The following sections are included:

• DECARBONIZE THE WORLD!

• "TOUT EST POUR LE MIEUX DANS LE MEILLEUR DES MONDES"VOLTAIRE, CANDIDE

• STOMATA

• CO₂ ENRICHMENT OF GREENHOUSES

• CAUTION ON THE BRAVE NEW DECARBONIZED WORLD

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• EARLY ALTERNATIVE ESTIMATES OF CLIMATE SENSITIVITY

• THE 'HOT SPOT' AND THE MOIST ADIABAT

• SENSITIVITY DERIVED FROM OBSERVATIONS OF SURFACE EVAPORATION

• OTHER ESTIMATES OF CLIMATE SENSITIVITY

• CONCLUDING REMARKS

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• CLIMATEGATE AND THE INQUIRIES

• INQUIRIES

• TWO KEY EMAILS

• TRICK TO HIDE THE DECLINE

• DELETE ANY EMAILS

• DATA OBSTRUCTION

• PEER REVIEW

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• SOME HISTORY

• INDIRECT LEGISLATION AND CONTROLS

• SMALL LOCAL DECISIONS

• THE STERN REPORT

• THE WAXMAN-MARKEY BILL

• THE CANTRELL-COLLINS BILL

• THE KERRY-LIEBERMAN BILL

• SUGGESTED REASONS FOR FAILURE OF THE KERRY LIEBERMAN BILL

• MY LIST OF PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING CAP AND TRADE PROPOSALS

• SOME CHEAPER PROPOSALS

In my report to last year's AGM of the World Federation of Scientists I set out the history and background to the work of the two Permanent Monitoring Panels on Terrorism with particular reference to the PMP on Motivations for Terrorism. I will not go over that ground again for it is available in the excellent volume of the 42^nd (2009) session of the WFS International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies…

The following sections are included:

• P53 ROLE IN CANCER PATHOGENESIS: TWO DISTINCT MODELS

• DEVELOPMENT OF HIV VACCINE

• TRAINING AND EXCHANGE PROGRAMS

• SEPT 2009–OCT 2010 PUBLICATIONS ON PUBMED-TRACKED JOURNALS

The following sections are included:

• FIRST PART

• SECOND PART

• CONCLUSION

The Permanent Monitoring Panel on the Limits of Development met from 9:30 to 16:40 on Thursday, August 19^th. The scope of this year's meeting involved the idea of adaptive capacity from the point of view of urban settlements. The domains included expected forecasts of climate change, energy, water systems, land use change, infrastructure, buildings, agriculture, health of living organisms, and natural resource management. Papers ranged in depth from one domain alone to several domains. These included…

The following sections are included:

• POLLUTION PMP 2011 PROPOSALS

• POLLUTION PMP MEMBERS

The following sections are included:

• ENERGY PMP MEETING, AUGUST 19, 2010, DIRAC AUDITORIUM

• DISCUSSION OF PLANS FOR 2011

The following sections are included:

• ONGOING ACTIVITIES OF THE PMP

• NEW ACTIVITIES OF THE PMP

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• Background

• Threat and Risks

• Members of the PMP have indicated it is easier to obtain the materiel, construct, deploy and employ a WMD in lesser developed nations than in developed nations due to the developing nation's weaker security measures, weaker national command and control, greater threat of terrorist activity, relative political instability and reduced logistics (transportation of the device).

• PMP-MTA Roadmap for the Future

• MItigation of Gaps

• Implementing Technology

• Organizing for Success

• The Way Ahead

• Near Term Program Execution

• The PMP-MTA looks forward to a busy and meaningful year, while fulfilling and expanding its remit

The work of the PMP during the 2009-2010 period was, in part, determined by the work taken in hand in the preceding period. The Group continued to expand its international networking and activities, mindful of the frontierless nature of its assignment. During the PMP meeting held on August 19^th, the group received a report from Andrey Krutskikh on his work in the information security area with the United Nations First Committee…

Note from author: This paper consists of Seminar Participants.

No abstract received.