Memory Mechanisms in Health and Disease

The following sections are included:

• Contents

• Contributing Authors

• Introduction

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Key properties of LTP

• Training-induced occurrence of LTP

• LTP and Hebb's postulate

• Molecular mechanisms underlying LTP

• Is LTP required for memory?

• A specific role for CA1 LTP

• LTP and long-term memory storage

• LTP and sex differences

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Methods to study structural synaptic and dendritic plasticity

• Structural plasticity of spines

• Synaptic plasticity, LTP, and learning

• What is the structural basis for synaptic plasticity?

• Learning-related structural changes

• Pre- or postsynaptic location of structural plasticity changes?

• Time scale over which structural changes occur

• Synapse pruning — Masking of plasticity

• Spinules at the PSD

• What are the cellular processes involved in spine and synapse remodelling?

• Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)

• Alterations in synaptic and dendritic organelles

• Is structural synapse and spine plasticity durable?

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• General aspects of plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability

• Learning and experience-dependent plasticity of neuronal excitability

• Activity-dependent plasticity of intrinsic excitability

• Interaction between intrinsic and synaptic plasticity

• Contribution of plasticity of excitability in short-term memory

• Conclusion

• Acknowledgments

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Biology of adult hippocampal neurogenesis

• Relationships between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory

• Contributions of neurogenesis to memory at the network level

• Conclusions and clinical implications

• References

The following sections are included:

• Defining memory consolidation

• Mechanisms of memory consolidation

• Conclusions and questions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Transcriptional regulation by CREB

• CREB co-activators

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Sex differences in memory formation

• Sex differences in stress responses on memory formation

• Oestradiol and memory formation

• Qualitative sex differences for synaptic kinases in memory formation

• Qualitative sex differences in gene transcription during memory formation

• Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences in memory formation

• What are the direct causes of sex differences in memory formation?

• Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Sensory learning and memory

• Motor learning and memory

• Experience-dependent plasticity

• Relationship between experience-dependent plasticity and neocortical learning and memory

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• CaMKII and memory storage

• PKMζ and memory storage

• DNA methylation and memory storage

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Memory reconsolidation

• Memory destabilisation after retrieval

• Boundary conditions affecting the induction of memory reconsolidation

• Memory extinction

• Clinical application of reconsolidation and extinction processes for the treatment of emotional disorder

• Relationship between reconsolidation and extinction: Behavioural level

• Relationship between reconsolidation and extinction: Anatomical level

• Relationship between reconsolidation and extinction: Molecular level

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Drosophila brain development

• The mushroom bodies — Centres for associative olfactory learning and memory

• The central complex — An integration centre for learning and memory processing

• Conclusions and perspective

• Acknowledgements

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• In vivo physiology: A bridge between plasticity and behaviour

• Genetic approaches to understanding plasticity and hippocampal circuit function

• Future directions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• APP processing, tau hyperphosphorylation, and transgenic modelling of AD

• Aβ oligomers as a mediator of memory deficits in AD mouse models

• Other APP fragments that may contribute to memory deficits in AD mouse models

• Tau-tangle pathology and memory deficits in AD mouse models

• Impairments of multiple memory systems in AD mouse models

• Synaptic and signalling mechanisms underlying memory deficits in AD mouse models

• Concluding remarks

• Acknowledgements

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Restoring memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease

• Epigenetics: The role of genome–environment interactions during recovery of memory loss

• Conclusion

• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Psychiatry – A brief general introduction

• An outline of the neuropsychology of memory

• Memory complaints at a psychiatric clinic

• Using knowledge of the mechanisms of memory to improve outcomes in psychiatric disorders

• Consequences of treatments

• Conclusions

• Acknowledgements

• References

• APPENDIX

The following sections are included:

• Index