Skip main navigation
×
Cookies Notification
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By continuing to browse the site, you consent to the use of our cookies.
Learn More
 |
System Upgrade on Tue, May 28th, 2024 at 2am (EDT)
Existing users will be able to log into the site and access content. However, E-commerce and registration of new users may not be available for up to 12 hours.For online purchase, please visit us again. Contact us at customercare@wspc.com for any enquiries.
The South China Sea Disputes
Flashpoints, Turning Points and Trajectories
Pages: 540- Edited by:
- Yang Razali Kassim (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU, Singapore)
Purchase
Save for later
Item saved, go to cart
ISBN: 978-981-4713-00-9 (hardcover)
USD 194.00
Add to cart
ISBN: 978-981-4704-99-1 (ebook)
USD 118.00
Add to cart
ISBN: 978-981-4713-00-9 (hardcover)
Checkout
ISBN: 978-981-4704-99-1 (ebook)
Checkout
The South China Sea Disputes: Flashpoints, Turning Points and Trajectories focuses on the currently much-debated theme of the South China Sea disputes — one of the hottest international disputes of the 21st century which can easily turn from a brewing flashpoint into a regional conflict with global repercussions. Through a compilation of commentaries published by the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies from 2012 to much of 2016, the book attempts to reflect the evolution of the disputes in recent years through what can be seen as turning points and trajectories in the diplomatic tensions. The book is divided into four sections, taking off from a key diplomatic or related incident/development which can be seen as a turning point for each, with the concluding section looking at what lies ahead for Southeast Asia and the larger Asia-Pacific region, amidst the uncertainties triggered by the South China Sea imbroglio.
Among the contributors: Arif Havas Oegroseno, BA Hamzah, Barry Desker, Bill Hayton, David Rosenberg, Donald K. Emmerson, Ellen Frost, Hasjim Djalal, Ian Townsend-Gault, Joseph CY Liow, Kwa Chong Guan, Li Mingjiang, Li Jian Wei, Li Dexia, Marvin Ott, Mushahid Ali, Muthiah Alagappa, Nguyen Hung Son, Nguyen Thi Lan Anh, Phoak Kung, Ralf Emmers, Rene L. Pattiradjawane, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo, Richard Javad Heydarian, Robert C. Beckman, Shashi Jayakumar, Victor Savage, Yang Razali Kassim, Zha Daojiong.
Sample Chapter(s)
Foreword (77 KB)
Introduction (160 KB)
Chapter 1: After the Phnom Penh AMM Disaster: Can ASEAN Regain Its Cohesion? (160 KB)
Contents:
- Foreword (Ong Keng Yong)
- Introduction and Overview (Yang Razali Kassim)
- Turning Point I: The 2012 ASEAN Fiasco and Its Aftermath
- Turning Point II: The US Pivot and Its Aftermath
- Turning Point III: China's Oil Rig Move and Its Aftermath: The South China Sea Debates
- Turning Point IV: Building Islands of Conflict in the South China Sea
- Turning Point V: After the Ruling: Whither the South China Sea Disputes?
- List of Contributors
Readership: Emerging market students, in particular those working on China and Southeast Asia; lawyers and strategy officials; senior executives in international companies with markets in East Asia, especially China and Southeast Asia.
Free Access
FRONT MATTER
- Pages:i–xxvii
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_fmatter
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Foreword
- Introduction and Overview
Chapter 1 - Turning Point I: The 2012 ASEAN Fiasco and Its Aftermath
No Access
Chapter 1: Turning Point I - The 2012 ASEAN Fiasco and Its Aftermath
- Pages:1–3
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_others01
Preview Abstract
The failure of ASEAN foreign ministers to issue the traditional joint communiqué at the end of their 2012 annual meeting in Cambodia was due to differences over the South China Sea disputes. Unprecedented, it marked a turning point, a tremor, in geopolitical relations in the region since China unveiled its “nine-dash line” claim on the South China Sea by filing two notes verbales at the United Nations in 2009. If China’s notes verbales were the tectonic shift in the South China Sea disputes, the 2012 ASEAN fiasco was its first geopolitical aftershock, with reverberations still being felt by ASEAN.
No Access
CHAPTER 1.1: After the Phnom Penh AMM Disaster: Can ASEAN Regain Its Cohesion?
- Pages:5–8
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0001
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Divisions within ASEAN — Lack of Cohesion and Solidarity
- Emerging Big Power Rivalry — Challenges for ASEAN
No Access
CHAPTER 1.2: Navigating Turbulent Waters Post-Cambodia: Can ASEAN Tame China?
- Pages:9–13
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0002
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Damage Control: ASEAN’s Three Concerns
- Strains Waiting to Show
- China’s Growing Intrusion
No Access
CHAPTER 1.3: The South China Sea Disputes: Three Years After Cambodia
- Pages:15–18
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0003
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Cambodia Just One Part of Complex Issue
- Between a Rock and a Hard Place
- Bilateral Talks not Enough for Small States
No Access
CHAPTER 1.4: The South China Sea Disputes: Is the Aquino Way the “ASEAN Way”?
- Pages:19–22
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0004
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Manila’s Core Interest
- Aquino’s ZoPFFC Proposal
- A US Role?
- Looking for Approach that Works
No Access
CHAPTER 1.5: The China-Philippines Dispute in the South China Sea: Does Beijing have a Legitimate Claim?
- Pages:23–26
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0005
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Is China Claiming 80% of the South China Sea?
- The Philippines: Reed Bank Not In Dispute
- Can China Maintain that Reed Bank is in Disputed Area?
- Best Way Forward
No Access
CHAPTER 1.6: Vietnam’s China Dilemma: Steering in New Strategic Environment
- Pages:27–30
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0006
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Nine Guidelines
- Vietnam’s Strategic Environment
- Vietnam’s New Game
No Access
CHAPTER 1.7: Scarborough Shoal: Flashpoint for Confrontation or Opportunity for Cooperation?
- Pages:31–34
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0007
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Classic Case of Territorial Sovereignty Dispute
- Two Possible Options
No Access
CHAPTER 1.8: The Scarborough Shoal Dispute: Legal Issues and Implications
- Pages:35–38
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0008
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Sovereignty Dispute
- The Dispute over Sovereign Rights
- Potential Implication for China’s U-Shaped Line
No Access
CHAPTER 1.9: South China Sea: Limits to Commercial Fishing by Claimants
- Pages:39–42
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0009
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Overfishing a Growing Concern
- Obligations of Cooperation and Mutual Restraint
- Implications of Factory Fishing for Fisheries Cooperation
No Access
CHAPTER 1.10: The South China Sea: “Disputed Waters” Everywhere?
- Pages:43–46
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0010
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Need to Define the Disputed Areas
- Principles for Determining Disputed Areas
- Basis for Dispute Management
No Access
CHAPTER 1.11: Indonesia’s South China Sea Dilemma: Between Neutrality and Self-interest
- Pages:47–50
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0011
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Diplomatic Overtures
- What is at Stake?
- Strategic Independence Vs. Realignment
No Access
CHAPTER 1.12: The South China Sea Disputes: How States can Clarify their Maritime Claims
- Pages:51–54
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0012
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Significance of UNCLOS
- How States can Clarify their Maritime Claims
- Joint Development in Area of Overlapping Claims
No Access
CHAPTER 1.13: Increasing Competition in the South China Sea: Need for a New Game Plan
- Pages:55–58
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0013
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The US and China
- China and Vietnam
- Who was to Blame?
- What was Needed
No Access
CHAPTER 1.14: Rethinking Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea: Transforming Problem into Opportunity
- Pages:59–63
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0014
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Strategic Significance
- Emphasising Management and Settlement
- Settlement Mechanisms
- International Adjudication: Precedents and Problems
- ASEAN should Take Lead
No Access
CHAPTER 1.15: Defusing Tensions in the South China Sea
- Pages:65–68
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0015
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Beijing’s Vague Position Unhelpful
- Impact on China–ASEAN Relations
- Need for Mutual Restraint
No Access
CHAPTER 1.16: South China Sea Disputes: Reflecting China’s Evolving Political System?
- Pages:69–72
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0016
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Changing ‘Civilisation State’ and ‘Tributary’ Relations
- China’s Nation-State Interests
- Political Fallouts from South China Sea Disputes
- Dilemma of the Chinese Diaspora
No Access
CHAPTER 1.17: A Regional Code of Conduct: For South and East China Seas?
- Pages:73–76
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0017
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Critical East Asia Summit
- China in no Hurry?
- Key Elements of Code of Conduct
- Deng Xiaoping Solution?
No Access
CHAPTER 1.18: South China Sea Disputes: Can Satellite Imagery Help?
- Pages:77–79
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0018
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Distinguishing Islands and Rocks
- Spratly Islands
- Islands and Rocks on Atolls
No Access
CHAPTER 1.19: China’s Aircraft Carrier: Implications for Southeast Asia
- Pages:81–84
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0019
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Carrier in Confined Littorals
- No Surprise for Regional Governments
- Benign Aspect of Aircraft Carrier
- Less Glamorous Power Projection
No Access
CHAPTER 1.20: East Asia Summit 2012: Power Game in Asia Unfolds
- Pages:85–88
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0020
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Multi-Layered Tussle for Influence
- Power of Economics
- Two Possible Outcomes for ASEAN
No Access
CHAPTER 1.21: China’s New Maritime Regulations: Do they Accord with International Law?
- Pages:89–92
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0021
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Enforcement in Territorial Sea
- Dispute Settlement
- Avoiding Over-Reactions
No Access
CHAPTER 1.22: Asian Diplomatic Ambiguity: Calming the South China Sea?
- Pages:93–96
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0022
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- History and Memory in Asian International Politics
- Porous Borders, Fluid Frontiers
- Virtue of Diplomatic Ambiguity
Chapter 2 - Turning Point II: The US Pivot and Its Aftermath
No Access
Chapter 2: Turning Point II - The US Pivot and Its Aftermath
- Pages:97–99
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_others02
Preview Abstract
The US pivot to Asia — subsequently known as rebalancing — that followed the strategic shift away from the Middle East, caused another tremor in the geopolitics of East Asia. It significantly contributed, or even, arguably, triggered China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea.
No Access
CHAPTER 2.1: US Rebalancing Strategy: Impact on the South China Sea Disputes
- Pages:101–104
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0023
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- US Policy on the South China Sea
- US Active Diplomacy
- China’s Reaction
No Access
CHAPTER 2.2: The New Great Game: ASEAN’s Balancing Act?
- Pages:105–108
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0024
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Ambiguous Response to US Pivot
- New Great Game — ASEAN’s Role and Risk
- China a Benign Power?
No Access
CHAPTER 2.3: US Pivots to Maritime Southeast Asia
- Pages:109–112
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0025
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Littoral Combat Ship
- Maritime Pivot
- Naval Diplomacy
No Access
CHAPTER 2.4: The Scarborough Shoal Dispute in America’s Asia-Pacific Pivot
- Pages:113–116
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0026
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Safeguarding the Sea Lines of Communication
- Assumptions and Misperceptions
- The US as a Mediator
No Access
CHAPTER 2.5: The US Rebalancing to Asia: Indonesia’s Maritir Dilemma
- Pages:117–120
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0027
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Critical Chokepoints
- Implications for Indonesia
- The “Neutral” Option
No Access
CHAPTER 2.6: ASEAN Centrality: Year of Big Power Transitions
- Pages:121–124
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0028
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- ASEAN, US and China
- Overstretching ASEAN Centrality
- Need to be Outward-Looking
No Access
CHAPTER 2.7: Cooperation or Trust: What Comes First in the South China Sea?
- Pages:125–128
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0029
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Position
- Reversing the Order of Cooperation and Trust
- Way Forward: Back to Basics?
No Access
CHAPTER 2.8: Beijing’s ASEAN Embrace: Making Hay While the Sun Shines
- Pages:129–132
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0030
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Diplomatic Upper Hand
- ASEAN’s Security Dilemma
- China’s Choices
No Access
CHAPTER 2.9: Elevating China-ASEAN Ties: Who is Wooing Whom?
- Pages:133–136
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0031
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Charm Offensive or Biting ASEAN’s Bait?
- Marty’s Indo-Pacific Treaty of Friendship
- Xi’s Response and TAC 2.0?
No Access
CHAPTER 2.10: China and Typhoon Haiyan: Is Beijing Ready to be a Global Stakeholder?
- Pages:137–140
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0032
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Blindsided by Narrow Core Interests?
- Was China Ready to be a Responsible Stakeholder?
- Two Key Questions on China and Disaster Relief
No Access
CHAPTER 2.11: Australia’s Maritime Intentions: To Expand or Not to Expand?
- Pages:141–144
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0033
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Long History of Fleet Review
- What the Review Told Us
- Shedding Light on Australian Intentions
No Access
CHAPTER 2.12: The East China Sea ADIZ: New Flashpoint in Regional Maritime Security
- Pages:145–148
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0034
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- What Is An ADIZ?
- Why had China Declared the ECS ADIZ?
- Why was the ECS ADIZ Inflammatory?
- What Did the Region Really Need?
No Access
CHAPTER 2.13: China’s ADIZ: South China Sea Next?
- Pages:149–152
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0035
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- ADIZ Not A Territorial Claim
- Chinese ADIZ in South China Sea?
- US Pivot the Beneficiary
No Access
CHAPTER 2.14: Chinese Aircraft Carrier’s Debut: Gunboat in the South China Sea?
- Pages:153–156
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0036
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Southeast Asian Backdrop
- Political Signal to the Region
- Future Gunboat Diplomacy?
No Access
CHAPTER 2.15: China’s ADIZ over East China Sea: Implications for ASEAN
- Pages:157–160
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0037
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Ominous Statement from China?
- Potential Implications for Southeast Asia
- What could ASEAN do?
No Access
CHAPTER 2.16: The USS Cowpens Incident: Adding to Strategic Mistrust
- Pages:161–164
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0038
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The USS Cowpens Incident
- Incident at Sea Agreements (INCSEA)
- What was Required
No Access
CHAPTER 2.17: ASEAN Centrality: Why It is Important for US and China
- Pages:165–168
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0039
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- For the US: Managing the ‘Spokes’
- For China: Managing Threat Perceptions
No Access
CHAPTER 2.18: Defence of Narrow Seas in Southeast Asia
- Pages:169–172
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0040
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Enclosed and Semi-Enclosed Sea
- Defence of Narrow Seas
- Southeast Asian Context
Chapter 3 - Turning Point III: China’s Oil Rig Move and Its Aftermath: The South China Sea Debates
No Access
Chapter 3: Turning Point III - China’s Oil Rig Move and Its Aftermath: The South China Sea Debates
- Pages:173–176
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_others03
Preview Abstract
China moved its oil rig, the Haiyang Shiyou 981, into disputed waters in the Paracels in 2014. That proved to be the beginning of a new phase of Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea…
No Access
CHAPTER 3.1: China’s Oil Rig Move: Casting Doubt on Neighbourliness
- Pages:177–180
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0041
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Earlier Call for Cooperation by Chinese Leaders
- Shock by Oil Rig Move Into Disputed Waters
- What China’s Leaders Should Consider
No Access
CHAPTER 3.2: New Tensions in the South China Sea: Whose Sovereignty over Paracels?
- Pages:181–184
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0042
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Locating the Rig
- The Sovereignty Question
- Where to Now?
No Access
CHAPTER 3.3: Sovereignty over Paracels: Article Lets Off Beijing Lightly
- Pages:185–188
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0043
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Dismissive of Vietnam’s Claims
- Sovereignty Dispute Indeed
- China Should Stick to UNCLOS
No Access
CHAPTER 3.4: Whose Sovereignty over the Paracels? A Response
- Pages:189–192
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0044
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Sovereignty over the Paracels
- Sovereignty Assertions
- Way Forward
No Access
CHAPTER 3.5: The South China Sea Disputes: Formula for a Paradigm Shift?
- Pages:193–197
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0045
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Bringing China’s Claim Under International Law
- Advantages to China and ASEAN Claimants
- Restoring Trust and Moving Towards Cooperation
No Access
CHAPTER 3.6: The South China Sea Disputes: Formula for a Paradigm Shift? — A Response
- Pages:199–202
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0046
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Six Reasons Why it Would Not Work
- Presupposing China’s Intentions
- China’s Creeping de facto Control
No Access
CHAPTER 3.7: The South China Sea Disputes: Formula for a Paradigm Shift — A Rejoinder
- Pages:203–206
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0047
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Intractable Disputes
- “Full Island” Status?
- Building Trust and Rule of Law
No Access
CHAPTER 3.8: Managing South China Sea Disputes: The Legal Basis for Cooperation
- Pages:207–210
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0048
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- South China Sea as Semi-Enclosed Waters
- Ecosystem-Based Management
- Cooperation the Only Way
No Access
CHAPTER 3.9: Indonesia–Philippines Agreement: Lessons for South China Sea Claimants
- Pages:211–214
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0049
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- How it Began
- Negotiation over Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI)
- Two Lessons for South China Sea Claimants
No Access
CHAPTER 3.10: The Paracels: Forty Years On
- Pages:215–218
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0050
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- More than a Dispute Over Sovereignty
- Geographical Distance Not the Issue
- China’s Oil Rig Move Violated DOC
No Access
CHAPTER 3.11: China, Vietnam and the Paracels: Time for a Way Out?
- Pages:219–222
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0051
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Position
- Pham Van Dong’s Diplomatic Note
- A Positive Note
No Access
CHAPTER 3.12: Xisha (Paracel) Islands: Why China’s Sovereignty is ‘Indisputable’
- Pages:223–226
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0052
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s ‘Indisputable Sovereignty’ Over the Xisha Islands
- Was the Oil Rig Deep Inside Vietnam’s EEZ?
- Who is the Real Bully?
No Access
CHAPTER 3.13: Xisha (Paracel) Islands: A Rejoinder
- Pages:227–230
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0053
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Why International Law of the Sea Mattered
- Objective Fact Should be Respected
- Need for Proper Understanding of Sovereignty Claims
No Access
CHAPTER 3.14: China’s James Shoal Claim: Malaysia the Undisputed Owner
- Pages:231–234
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0054
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- James Shoal and International Law
- Contiguity Not an Issue
- The British discovered James Shoal
- Malaysia’s Extensive Activities on James Shoal
No Access
CHAPTER 3.15: The Paracels: Historical Evidence Must be Examined
- Pages:235–238
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0055
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- No Convincing Evidence
- Vital Episode in Paracels’ History Skipped
- Open Vague Historical Claims for Independent Examination
No Access
CHAPTER 3.16: South China Sea Disputes: China Has Evidence of Historical Claims
- Dexia Li and
- Keng Tat Tan
- Pages:239–242
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0056
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Early Chinese References to Paracels
- Ignoring Historical Evidence
No Access
CHAPTER 3.17: China’s “Historical Evidence”: Vietnam’s Position on South China Sea
- Pages:243–246
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0057
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s “Historical Evidence”
- Now Ten-Dash Line?
- Vietnam’s Position on South China Sea
No Access
CHAPTER 3.18: South China Sea Disputes: Still No Evidence of Historical Chinese Claims
- Pages:247–250
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0058
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Vagueness Remains
- “Conventional Wisdom”, not Historical Evidence
- Selective Quotes
- Need to Break Down Specific Claims
No Access
CHAPTER 3.19: China’s “Nine-dash Line” Claim: US Misunderstands
- Pages:251–254
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0059
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Localised Dimension
- What did the “Dash Line” of the 1940s Enclose?
- The Globalisation Dimension
No Access
CHAPTER 3.20: South China Sea: Beijing’s ‘Salami-Slicing’ Strategy
- Pages:255–258
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0060
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Second Thomas Shoal
- China’s ‘Salami-Slicing’ strategy
- Need for ASEAN Solidarity
No Access
CHAPTER 3.21: South China Sea Cooperation: We Should Not Wait for Another Disaster
- Pages:259–262
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0061
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Reviving the South China Sea Workshop Process
- Process in Preventive Diplomacy
- What was at Stake
- Lesson from MH370
No Access
CHAPTER 3.22: China-ASEAN Relations: Hamstrung Soft Power in South China Sea?
- Pages:263–266
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0062
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Expanding Economic Relations
- Why the South China Sea Conflict?
- Silver Lining for ASEAN
No Access
CHAPTER 3.23: Energy Competition in the South China Sea: A Front-Burner Issue?
- Pages:267–270
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0063
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Pursuit of Maritime Power
- Hydrocarbons Deposits
- Impact of Energy Exploration
No Access
CHAPTER 3.24: South China Sea: Time for India To Mark Its Presence
- Pages:271–274
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0064
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Maritime security
- Joint Statements
- Time to End Timidity of China
No Access
CHAPTER 3.25: The South China Sea Disputes: Singapore as an “Honest Broker”?
- Pages:275–278
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0065
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Can Singapore Be an “Honest Broker”?
- Qualities of an Honest Broker
- Why Singapore should Still Attempt to Mediate
No Access
CHAPTER 3.26: Malaysia and the South China Sea: Will KL Abandon its Hedging Policy?
- Pages:279–282
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0066
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Current Status of the Disputes
- Malaysia’s Hedging Policy
- Balancing National and Regional Interests
No Access
CHAPTER 3.27: More Nuanced than Just “Hedging”: Malaysia and the South China Sea Disputes
- Pages:283–286
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0067
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Priority for Economic Cooperation
- Regional Solidarity
- Elusive Benefits of Confrontational Styles
No Access
CHAPTER 3.28: Xi Jinping’s ‘Monroe Doctrine’: Rebuilding the Middle Kingdom Order?
- Pages:287–290
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0068
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Xi Jinping’s Four Thrusts: Chinese Monroe Doctrine?
- Impact: Slicing the Salami
- What Could Regional Nations Do?
No Access
CHAPTER 3.29: Rethinking China’s Monroe Doctrine
- Kai He and
- Huiyun Feng
- Pages:291–294
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0069
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Why was the “Monroe Doctrine” Not Right for China?
- Two Possible Explanations
- What should Asian Countries do?
No Access
CHAPTER 3.30: Restructuring China’s Maritime Security: Lofty Ambition, Little Progress
- Pages:295–298
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0070
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Changing Structure, Limited Progress
- Lack of Coordination
- Dual Leadership
No Access
CHAPTER 3.31: Changing Power, Changing Interests: Freedom of Navigation in South China Sea
- Pages:299–302
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0071
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- US’ Three Contradictory Priorities
- A More Active Policy was Needed
Chapter 4 - Turning Point IV: Building Islands of Conflict in the South China Sea
No Access
Chapter 4: Turning Point IV - Building Islands of Conflict in the South China Sea
- Pages:303–306
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_others04
Preview Abstract
China’s creeping assertiveness in the South China Sea had dramatically peaked with the building of artificial islands out of reclaimed features in contested waters. Even floating “islands” were being planned for deployment as well as moving settlers into these reclaimed islands…
No Access
CHAPTER 4.1: South China Sea: China’s Floating Islands Next?
- Pages:307–310
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0072
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Civilian and Military Use
- Advantages of Floating Islands
- Time for a Special Maritime Law Meeting
No Access
CHAPTER 4.2: Why is China Militarising the South China Sea?
- Pages:311–314
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0073
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Did the PLAN Understand Modern Naval Warfare?
- Questionable Decisions
- What Next?
No Access
CHAPTER 4.3: Indonesia’s Natuna Islands: Next Flashpoint in the South China Sea?
- Pages:315–318
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0074
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Tyranny of Distance
- A Sea of Troubles
- Avoiding Wrong Signals to Beijing
No Access
CHAPTER 4.4: South China Sea Disputes: Sovereignty and Indonesian Foreign Policy
- Pages:319–323
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0075
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Fluid Region as Indonesia Sees It
- Jokowi’s Global Maritime Fulcrum and Xi’s Maritime Silk Road
- New Era of Maritime Diplomacy
No Access
CHAPTER 4.5: Indonesia and the South China Sea: A Two-fold Strategy
- Pages:325–329
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0076
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Indonesia’s Multi-Dimensional Interests
- Small Actions, Big Implications
- Two-fold Strategy: Building Trust While Maintaining Vigilance
No Access
CHAPTER 4.6: South China Sea Disputes: KL’s Subtle Shift on China?
- Pages:331–334
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0077
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Large-Scale Reclamation
- Testing the Waters?
No Access
CHAPTER 4.7: Coast Guards in the South China Sea: Proxy Fighters?
- Pages:335–338
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0078
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Growing White-Hulled Fleet
- Southeast Asian Coast Guards
- What Next?
No Access
CHAPTER 4.8: China’s Conflicting Signals on the South China Sea
- Pages:339–344
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0079
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Two-Track Approach
- ASEAN’s Fragile Unity
- China’s Wooing of ASEAN At Risk
- Continuities in Chinese Strategic Planning
No Access
CHAPTER 4.9: Rising Tension in the Waters: China, US and Unintended Crisis
- Pages:345–348
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0080
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Dynamics of Escalation
- Chinese Military’s Response
- Flawed US Perception
- Need for Greater Consideration
No Access
CHAPTER 4.10: China and Rebalancing the World Order: A View From Southeast Asia
- Pages:349–352
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0081
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Multi-Pronged Strategy
- Flashpoint, Pax Sinica or ‘World War III’?
No Access
CHAPTER 4.11: Australia’s 2016 Defence White Paper: ASEAN and the South China Sea
- Pages:353–356
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0082
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Continuity…
- …and Change
- Regional Consequences
- Reactionary Assertiveness
No Access
CHAPTER 4.12: Duterte Presidency: Shift in Philippine-China Relations?
- Pages:357–361
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0083
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Changing Attitude Towards China?
- Handling Fallout from Arbitration Tribunal
- Hedging Strategy
- Reality of Treaty with US
No Access
CHAPTER 4.13: ASEAN Unity and China’s Unilateral “Consensus”
- Pages:363–366
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0084
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Divergent Perspectives of Bilateral Meetings
- China’s Strategy
- ASEAN’s Unity
No Access
CHAPTER 4.14: China Debates Its South China Sea Policy: Implications for Beijing’s Future Posture
- Pages:367–371
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0085
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Chinese Debate in the Past Few Years
- How Do the Chinese Perceive the South China Sea Disputes Now?
- China’s Actual Behaviour and Future Policy Development
- Debate Amid Surging Nationalism
Chapter 5 - Turning Point V: After the Ruling: Whither the South China Sea Disputes?
No Access
Chapter 5: Turning Point V - After the Ruling: Whither the South China Sea Disputes?
- Pages:373–375
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_others05
Preview Abstract
After decades of dormancy, the South China Sea disputes appeared to have worsened in recent years, marked by a series of turning points since the 2012 ASEAN foreign ministers meeting in Cambodia. What is the future trajectory like?
No Access
CHAPTER 5.1: Enter the New Era: Managing or Settling the South China Sea Disputes?
- Pages:377–381
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0086
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Turning Point: China’s “Nine-Dash Line” Claim
- Two Scenarios, One Trajectory
- Way Forward: Better Management
No Access
CHAPTER 5.2: Game Changer in South China Sea Disputes
- Pages:383–390
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0087
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Context: 1982 UNCLOS
- The Root of the Disputes
- Historic Rights, “Nine-Dash Line” and Sovereignty Disputes
- Reefs, Rocks, Islands and EEZ
- Significance of ‘No Islands Entitled to EEZ’ Decision
- Low-tide Elevations
- Island Building and Construction Activities
- Game Changer in the South China Sea Disputes
- Implications for International Community
No Access
CHAPTER 5.3: Turning Point in Chinese Foreign Policy
- Pages:391–395
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0088
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- A Fourth ‘T’ in Chinese Foreign Relations?
- Why a Turning Point?
- Future Trajectory: Power Speaks?
No Access
CHAPTER 5.4: What Now for China?
- Pages:397–400
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0089
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China Needs to Move On
- Complexities of Functional Cooperation
- Winning Back the Goodwill
No Access
CHAPTER 5.5: Rising China Confronts Maritime Southeast Asia
- Pages:401–405
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0090
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Strong Chinese Reactions
- Increasingly Assertive China
- China Splits ASEAN
- China’s Growing Perception of Maritime Threats
No Access
CHAPTER 5.6: The Hague Ruling and ASEAN: A Call for Unity
- Pages:407–410
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0091
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- China’s Reaction and ASEAN’s Response
- ASEAN’s Priorities
- Greater Clarity in Claims
No Access
CHAPTER 5.7: Resilience of the ASEAN Way: Consensual Diplomacy in Vientiane Post-Ruling
- Pages:411–414
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0092
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- ASEAN Diplomacy at Work
- The Diplomatic Dance
- Healthy Imperfections of International Law
- Constructive Ambiguity?
No Access
CHAPTER 5.8: The Price of Unity: What To Do About Cambodia
- Pages:415–418
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0093
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- What Happened to ASEAN Unity?
- A Chance for Reform?
- Learning From Others
No Access
CHAPTER 5.9: Good Fences or Good Neighbours: Implications for Maritime Boundaries
- Pages:419–422
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0094
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Good Fences or Good Neighbours?
- Islands and Rocks
- Complications
- Need for Changed Mindsets
No Access
CHAPTER 5.10: The Gulf of Tonkin Model: Way Forward for Collaboration Post-Ruling?
- Pages:423–431
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0095
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Key Factors
- Early Resolution of Sovereignty Disputes
- Joint Management of a Common Resource
- UNCLOS Guidelines
- Extensive Consultations
- Precise Boundaries
- Ability to Negotiate Compromises
- Joint Resource Management
- Limitations
- The Changing Geostrategic Context
- Moving Forward after the Tribunal’s Decision
- International Law or International Outlaw?
No Access
CHAPTER 5.11: South China Sea: Time to Change the Name
- Pages:433–438
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0096
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Why Change the Name
- From “Jaw-jaw” to “Pour-pour”
- What Could be Done: Three Challenges
- From South China Sea to Southeast Asia Sea?
No Access
CHAPTER 5.12: Renaming the Waters: ‘Southeast Asia Sea’ or ‘South Sea’?
- Pages:439–445
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0097
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Why Renaming Matters Now: Lessons from Europe
- The Power of Names
- Types of Maritime Names
- Dissemination and Verification of Names
- Perhaps a “South Sea”, but not a “Southeast Asia Sea”
No Access
CHAPTER 5.13: Is It Worth Trying to Rename the South China Sea?
- Pages:447–457
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0098
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Why an Internationally Recognised “Southeast Asia Sea” Will Not Happen
- It Will Not Happen, but It Is Worth a Try — Littoral Share and Core Interest
- It Will Not Happen, but It Is Worth a Try — Entry Ease and Overarching Convergence
- Coda
No Access
CHAPTER 5.14: A Regional Naval Forum for the Spratlys?
- Pages:459–463
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0099
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Claims of Contention
- The Real Issue
- Need for Regional Preventive Mechanism
No Access
CHAPTER 5.15: Code for Coast Guards: Singapore’s ‘CUES Plus’ Proposal
- Pages:465–469
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0100
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Who is Militarising the South China Sea?
- A Security Dilemma
- Expanded CUES: Singapore’s Timely Proposal
- Would The Proposal Take Off?
- Way Forward
No Access
CHAPTER 5.16: South China Sea: Time for US-ASEAN Cooperation
- Pages:471–474
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0101
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Multilateral Naval Force
- South China Sea Operations Centre
- Protecting the Relevance of ASEAN
No Access
CHAPTER 5.17: South China Sea: Regional Tensions, Domestic Implications
- Pages:475–483
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0102
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Game Changer
- Three Scenario Options
- Reflections
No Access
CHAPTER 5.18: China-Singapore Ties: The Four ‘R’s Behind the Unhappiness
- Pages:485–490
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0103
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- The Four ‘R’s in China’s Displeasure with Singapore
No Access
CHAPTER 5.19: China’s Hegemonic Trajectory: Intimidating ASEAN?
- Pages:491–493
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0104
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Chinese Intervention in NAM
- China to Dominate East Asia?
- China and Singapore
No Access
CHAPTER 5.20: China, Singapore and the South China Sea: Different Era, Different Visions
- Pages:495–499
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_0105
Preview Abstract
The following sections are included:
- SYNOPSIS
- COMMENTARY
- Historical Backdrop
- Not All Chinese in Singapore Supported Sun’s China
- Xi’s China Moving Away from Deng’s Maxim
Free Access
BACK MATTER
- Pages:501–509
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704984_bmatter
Preview Abstract
The following sections is included:
- List of Contributors
"The South China Sea disputes, is arguably the most important issue in international relations in the contemporary history of Southeast Asia and ASEAN. Rich in its content, it is a must read for the strategic community for its ASEAN hue and varied perceptions. The book would also be useful to students of geopolitics and international maritime law."
The Calcutta Journal of Global Affairs
Yang Razali Kassim is a Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore where he is also Editor of two RSIS publications, RSIS Commentary and Strategic Currents. His research interests encompass politics as well as international and strategic relations of Southeast Asia, which he has been following since his career in journalism prior to RSIS. He spent 20 years with Singapore Press Holdings, including stints as Regional Editor of The Business Times and as Jakarta Correspondent for The Straits Times during which he extensively covered the diplomatic developments in the region, including the South China Sea tensions. At RSIS, he continues to write and research on Southeast Asian affairs and the region's relations with the rest of the world while his views on regional issues have been published in the local, regional and the international media, including The Straits Times, The Jakarta Post, The Nation, Global Times, The South China Morning Post, Yomiuri Shimbun, USA Today, TIME, and the International New York Times (formerly the International Herald Tribune).
