The Acute Cholinergic Syndrome

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

  • Muscarinic Effects

  • Nicotinic Effects

  • Central Effects

• Acute Cholinergic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Effects

• Acute Cholinergic Syndrome and Muscle Dysfunction

• Acute Cholinergic Syndrome and Effects on Metabolism, Endocrine Function and Temperature

• Changes in Hormones and Enzymes

• Acute Cholinergic Phase and Pancreatitis

• Other Effects of OPs which may Contribute to the Acute Cholinergic Syndrome

• Poisoning in Children

• Duration and Outcome of Acute Cholinergic Syndrome

• Mortality from OP Poisoning

• Diagnosis

• Severity Grading of the Acute Cholinergic Phase

• Measurement of Cholinesterase Activity

• Recovery of Cholinesterases

• Measurement of Metabolites of OP in the Urine, OP Levels in the Blood

• Carboxylesterase Levels

• Plasma beta-G Levels

• Precautions during the Acute Cholinergic Syndrome

• Sequelae of the Acute Cholinergic Syndrome

• Effects on Reproductive Function

• Conclusion

• Appendix Cholinesterase Assays in the Diagnosis of OP Intoxication

• References