Chapter 2: Entrepreneurship Ecosystems in the Middle East

The notion of the ecosystem was coined by Roy Clapham in 1930 to denote physical and biological components in an environment and their relationship to each other. Today, entrepreneurial ecosystems are defined as the agglomeration of interrelated individuals, institutions, organizations, and regulatory entities in a particular geographic area that acts upon and promotes entrepreneurial initiatives and actions. Governments influence activities within these ecosystems.