Chapter 11: Versatile Biomaterials As Stem Cell Delivery System and Cellular Microniches

The fate processes and cellular behavior of stem cells are highly influenced by the microenvironment, termed as microniche. Based on the stem cell source and its potency, it can be differentiated into various cell types and thereby explored for therapeutic application. Recent advances in stem cell research have shown promise in tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine. Moreover, research on biomaterials has progressed from simple scaffolding fabrications to biomimetic complex constructs. The integration of biocompatible, biodegradable biomaterials with stem cells has been explored as a viable choice for enhancing the efficiency of cell grafting as well as promoting specific cell differentiation. Surface functionalization of scaffolds, biofabrication of hydrogels, composite scaffolds and microspheres/microbeads have been designed with biomimetic characteristics for specific tissue requirements. This chapter throws light on the various biomaterial-based systems that serve as stem cell delivery modalities and provide favorable cellular microenvironments for tissue regeneration.