Applications to RNA and DNA

The following sections are included:

• Observation of the Force of an RNA Polymerase Molecule as it Transcribes DNA

• Force and Velocity Measured for Single Molecules of RNA Polymerase

• Measurement of the Mechanical Properties of DNA Polymer Strands

• Measurement of Flexural Rigidity of Microtubule Fibers and Torsional Rigidity of Microtubules and Actin Filaments

• Measurement of the Stretching of Double-and Single-Stranded DNA

• Polymerization of RecA Protein on Individual dsDNA Molecules

• Study of Elasticity of RecA-DNA Filaments with Constant Tension Feedback

• Possible Role of Tweezers in DNA Sequencing

• Study of the Structure of DNA and Chromatin Fibers by Stretching with Light Forces

• Condensation and Decondensation of the Same DNA Molecule by Protamine and Arginine Molecules

• Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Chloroplast DNA in Living Algal Cells Using Tweezers

• Measurement of the Force and Mechanical Properties of DNA Polymerase with Optical Tweezers

• Reversible Unfolding of Single RNA Molecules by Mechanical Force

• Grafting of Single DNA Molecules to AFM Cantilevers Using Optical Tweezers

• Structural Transition and Elasticity from Torque Measurements on DNA

• Backtracking by Single RNA Polymerase Molecules Observed at Near-Base-Pair Resolution

• Ubiquitous Transcriptional Pausing is Independent of RNA Polymerase Backtracking

• RNA Polymerase can Track a DNA Groove During Promoter Search

• The Bacterial Condensin MukBEF Compacts DNA into a Repetitive, Stable Structure

• Forward and Reverse Motion of RecBCD Molecules on DNA

• Direct Observation of Base-Pair Stepping by RNA Polymersase