Introduction to Bose–Einstein Condensation

The following sections are included:

• First Demonstration of BEC, Using the TOP Magnetic Trap

• Bose–Einstein Condensation Using an Optically Plugged Magnetic Trap

• Bose–Einstein Condensation Using the “Cloverleaf” Magnetic Trap

• Bose–Einstein Condensation in ⁷Li

• Expanding Bose–Einstein Condensates

• Gross-Pitaevskii Mean Field Theory

• Collective Excitation of a Bose–Einstein Condensate

• Coherence of Bose–Einstein Condensates

  • Interference between two condensates

  • Measurement of Δp and the uncertainty principle

  • Coherence and interference in the time domain

  • Coherence of atoms tunneling out of arrays

  • Spatial coherence of atoms ejected from a trap

• Condensate Formation by Bose Stimulation

• Atom Lasers

  • Pulsed sodium atom laser

  • cw atom laser

  • Quasi-continuous atom laser by Raman ejection

  • Coherent beams by Bragg scattering

  • Coherent beam generation by four-wave mixing

  • Commentary on Bose–Einstein condensates and nonlinear matter waves

  • Two-component Bose–Einstein condensates in ⁸⁷Rb and sympathetic cooling

  • Dynamics of two-component Bose–Einstein condensates in ⁸⁷Rb

  • Phase memory in ⁸⁷Rb two-component Bose–Einstein condensates