SITE-SPECIFIC X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY USING X-RAY STANDING WAVES

The X-ray standing wave technique can accurately determine the atomic positions of atoms within a crystalline unit cell. In this chapter, we will show that the technique can also “localize” valence and conduction electrons. When combined with high-resolution, hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is possible to determine the contribution of the different atoms in the unit cell to the total electronic structure of the crystal.