Broken Symmetries
This research was supported in part by the U. S. Air Force under a contract monitored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research of the Air Development Command and the Office of Naval Research.
Some proofs are presented of Goldstone's conjecture, that if there is continuous symmetry transformation under which the Lagrangian is invariant, then either the vacuum state is also invariant under the transformation, or there must exist spinless particles of zero mass.