Clean Semiconductor Surfaces

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Why do semiconductor surfaces relax/reconstruct?

• Experimental studies of semiconductor surfaces

  • Surface generation

  • Structural studies

  • Studies of electronic and optical properties

  • Studies of vibrational properties

• Unit cells for ideal and reconstructed surfaces

• Modelling of surfaces for plane wave pseudopotential calculations

• Methods for surface phonon calculations

  • Ab initio approaches

  • The adiabatic bond charge approach

• Si(111) surfaces

  • Si(111)-(2 ×1)

  • Si(111)-(7 ×7)

• Si(001) surfaces

  • Si(001)-(2 × 1)

  • Si(001)-p(2 × 2) and Si(001)-c(4 × 2)

• III-V(110) surfaces

  • Atomic geometry

  • Electronic states

  • Surface Phonons

  • Trends in electron and phonon states

• III-V(001) surfaces

  • As-As dimers as the building blocks

  • c(4 × 4) and (2 × 4) reconstructions on GaAs(001)

  • The GaAs(001)-β₂(2 × 4) surface

  • Structural predictions from consideration of energetics

  • Other III-V(001) surfaces

• III-V(111) surfaces

  • III-V(111)A surfaces

  • III-V(111)B surfaces