Chapter Eleven: Violence and Racism on the Pitch: A Reflection of Failed Government Policies

Violent and racist soccer-related incidents in Europe and North Africa in the second decade of the 21^st century reflected the failure of governments to address the socio-economic and political aspirations of large numbers of marginalised youth. Tensions on the pitch were further exasperated by brutal police actions in North African autocracies and a predominant focus on law enforcement in European democracies…