Chapter 4: The Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR): The First Hadron Collider

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Vacuum Pumping by Freezing Molecules

• How to Measure Almost Nothing

• Superconducting Magnets: Squeezing Beams to Extract More Collisions

• Cryogenics for the Superconducting High Luminosity Insertion Magnets

• Van der Meer Scan: Proton Beam Tomography

• Roman Pots: Physics Next to the Accelerator Beam

• The Gas Detector (R)evolution

• Transition Radiation: Imaging Relativistic Particles

• Precision Calorimetry: Honing an Essential Tool

• The Open Axial Field Magnet: Barrier-Free Access

• References