Controlling Micronutrient Deficiencies in Asia

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affect large numbers of the populations in Asia, often overlapping. Clinical VAD is probably declining, but subclinical VAD is common and carries significant mortality risk. IDDs fall when there are effective iodized salt programs. IDA persists unchanged at high levels, particularly affecting women and children. Deficiency control programs—notably high-dose vitamin A capsules six-monthly for children and iodized salt—are under way in many areas, and need to be sustained and made universal. Fortification is a key long-run solution, and multiple fortification and supplementation need to be researched and implemented. Better information is needed on programs and their impact; even baseline data are scarce. Public-private coalitions should be fostered with the food industry and others concerned. Capacity-building for the range of actions for controlling deficiencies should be an early next priority.