Special Issue on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Guest Editors: Jinkui Feng and Yu Chen — Research ArticlesNo Access

Approximations to defect chemistry in Bi₄Ti₃O $_{12}$ $_{12}$

Ma. del Carmen Martínez-Morales

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, U. P. Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

Search for more papers by this author

José Antonio Romero-Serrano

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, U. P. Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

Search for more papers by this author

Carlos Gómez-Yáñez

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, U. P. Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

E-mail Address: cgomezy@ipn.mx

Corresponding author.

Search for more papers by this author

, and

Luis Lartundo Rojas

Center of Nano Sciences and Micro and Nano Technologies, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, U. P. Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793604716420066Cited by:4 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O $_{12}$ $_{12}$ or BiTO) is known for its high resistance to dielectric fatigue and relatively large remnant polarization. Owing to these characteristics, it has been applied in FeRAM memory. BiTO is also known to be a potential ionic conductor. In both applications, crystalline defects play an important role. In this work, a standard thermochemical equilibrium procedure is used to analyze defect chemistry in BiTO. The results indicate a strong oxidized state. To obtain a reduced condition, extremely low oxygen partial pressures and high temperatures have to be achieved. Even at normal conditions, results show a relatively high concentration of holes, which is in agreement with the $p$ $p$ -type leaking experimentally observed, relatively high concentration of oxygen vacancies, which suggest the potential application of BiTO as ion conductor, and relative high concentration of bismuth vacancies, in accordance with the known problem of bismuth volatilization observed during the processing of this material.

Keywords:

References

1. Y. Noguchi et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 (13), 1903 (2001). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
2. H. Irie et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2), 251 (2001). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
3. Z. Y. Xu et al., Mater. Lett. 39, 18 (1999). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
4. H. S. Shulman et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 (12), 3124 (1996). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
5. Y. J. Wang et al., J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys. 37, 832 (2004). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
6. H. H. Wang et al., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 22, 1077 (2003). Crossref, Google Scholar
7. M. Takahashi et al., Solid State Ion. 172, 325 (2004). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
8. Y. M. Chiang, D. P. Birnie III and W. D. Kingery, Physical Ceramics, Principles for Ceramic Science and Engineering (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997). Google Scholar
9. T. Bak et al., Adv. Appl. Ceram. 111 (1,2), 62 (2012). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
10. H. Katsu, Crystal- and defect-chemistry of fine grained thermistor, ceramics on BaTiO₃ basis with BaO-excess, Ph.D. Thesis, Peter Grünberg Institut, Electronic Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (2011). Google Scholar
11. J. Chen et al., Mater. Lett. 172, 184 (2016). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
12. J. Daniels et al., Philips Res. Rep. 31, 489 (1976). Google Scholar
13. M. Q. Cai et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 399, 89 (2004). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
14. Y. Li et al., J. Mol. Catal. A, Chem. 379, 146 (2013). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
15. S. H. Yoon et al., J. Appl. Phys. 107, 103721 (2010). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
16. M. Chitroub et al., J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 61, 1693 (2000). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
17. W. Preis et al., Solid State Ion. 177, 3093 (2006). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
18. H. Nagata, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 116 (2), 271 (2008). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
19. T. Jardiel et al., Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidrio 45 (3), 202 (2006). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
20. M. Takahashi et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 7053 (2002). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar