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Evaluation of the Cultivation Age of Dried Ginseng Radix and Its Commercial Products by Using ¹H-NMR Fingerprint Analysis

Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan

Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 41301, Taiwan

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Meng-Shiou Lee

School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan

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Shih-Ying Yang

Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan

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Hsi-Jien Chen

Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Mingchi University of Technology, Taipei 24301, Taiwan

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Yuan-Shiun Chang

Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan

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, and

Wen-Te Chang

School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan

Correspondence to: Dr. Wen-Te Chang, School of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Tel: (+886) 4-2205-3366 (ext. 5203), Fax: (+886) 4-2207-8083.

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X10007762Cited by:34 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

The perfect ginseng radix is collected when the ginseng root reaches a cultivation age of six years; this ensures the best mass quality and consistency of the plant's essential bioactive components. Since traditional means of authentication via physical appearance or smell are hardly reliable, an efficient analytical method that can determine the real cultivation age of dried ginseng radix in commercial products, especially ginseng products of various dosage forms, is urgently required. In the present study, chemical fingerprint by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy was used on dried ginseng radix samples with cultivation ages ranging from 1–6 years. The resulting dataset was then analyzed by using principle component analysis and cluster analysis to build up a distributive model that allows the identification of the real cultivation age of the ginseng radix based on a plant metabolomic strategy. This quality surveillance method was able to clearly discriminate the 6 years old ginseng radix from the other ages, and could be applied on the evaluation of the real cultivation age for the various dried white ginseng radix samples and commercial products accurately.

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