No Access

Institute for Society and Economy - Development and Policies Research Center (DEPOCEN), 12 Trang Thi, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam

IDAS Program, 12F North Wing, General Building, National Chengchi University, No. 64 Zhinan Road Section 2, Wenshan, Taipei 11605, Taiwan

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590820440051Cited by:5 (Source: Crossref)

This article is part of the issue:

Special Issue on Poverty-Growth-Inequality Triangle in China and Other Countries
Guest Editors: Guanghua Wan, Fudan University, China, Haitao Wu, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China and Yuan Zhang, Fudan University, China

Abstract

Similar to the hukou system in China, the household registration system () in Vietnam which represents the citizenship of its people has become a part of the Vietnamese society in the past 60 years. After the economic reform in 1986, the force of system has begun to wane; however, it still plays an essential role in everyday life of Vietnamese. Utilizing the new Household Registration Study (HRS) survey conducted by the World Bank in 2015, this paper employs Instrumental Variables (IV) to estimate the effect of citizenship (household registration status) on migrant workers in urban Vietnam. The main findings detect a pattern of discrimination against temporary residents in term of labor wages, which is different from the result of OLS estimation in the World Bank report.

Keywords:

JEL: J61, O15, R28, R29

References

Angrist, JD and AB Krueger [1991] Does compulsory school attendance affect schooling and earnings? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 979–1014. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Angrist, JD and AB Krueger [2001] Instrumental variables and the search for identification: From supply and demand to natural experiments. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, 69–85. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Anh, DN [2003] Internal migration policies in the ESCAP region. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 18, 27–40. Crossref, Google Scholar
Bauder, H [2006] Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets. Oxford University Press. Crossref, Google Scholar
Bauder, H [2008] Citizenship as capital: The distinction of migrant labor. Alternatives, 33, 315–333. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Bélanger, D and TG Linh [2011] The impact of transnational migration on gender and marriage in sending communities of Vietnam. Current Sociology, 59, 59–77. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Chan, KW and L Zhang [1999] The hukou system and rural-urban migration in China: Processes and changes. The China Quarterly, 160, 818–855. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Cheng, Z, F Guo, G Hugo and X Yuan [2013] Employment and wage discrimination in the Chinese cities: A comparative study of migrants and locals. Habitat International, 39, 246–255. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Coxhead, I, NV Cuong and LH Vu (2015). Migration in Vietnam: New evidence from recent surveys. World Bank: Vietnam Development Economics Discussion Papers. Google Scholar
Cragg, JG and SG Donald [1993] Testing identifiability and specification in instrumental variable models. Econometric Theory, 9, 222–240. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Dang, A, S Goldstein and J McNally [1997] Internal migration and development in Vietnam. International Migration Review, 31, 312–337. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Dang, NA, C Tacoli and XT Hoang [2003] Migration in Vietnam: A review of information on current trends and patterns, and their policy implications. In Regional Conf. Migration, Development and Pro-Poor Policy Choices in Asia, Lanzhou, China, pp. 22–24. Google Scholar
De Brauw, A and T Harigaya [2007] Seasonal migration and improving living standards in Vietnam. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 89, 430–447. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Demombynes, G and LH Vu (2016). Vietnam’s household registration system (English). World Bank Group. Google Scholar
Duflo, E [2001] Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an unusual policy experiment. American Economic Review, 91, 795–813. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
GSO and UNPF (2016). 2015 National internal migration survey: Major findings report, Technical Report, Vietnam News Agency Publishing House. Google Scholar
Guest, P [1998] The Dynamics of Internal Migration in VietNam, Vol. 1, United Nations Development Programme. Google Scholar
Guo, F and R Iredale [2004] The impact of hukou status on migrants’ employment: Findings from the 1997 Beijing migrant census. International Migration Review, 38, 709–731. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Hoang, LA [2011] Gender identity and agency in migration decision-making: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37, 1441–1457. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
La, HA, TB Tran and U Nguyen [2019] Housing gaps between rural–urban migrants and local urban residents: The case of Vietnam. In Rural–Urban Migration in Vietnam, pp. 211–243, Springer. Crossref, Google Scholar
Lall, SV, H Selod and Z Shalizi [2006] Rural–Urban Migration in Developing Countries: A Survey of Theoretical Predictions and Empirical Findings, The World Bank. Crossref, Google Scholar
Liu, AY [2019] Occupational wage differential between urban workers and rural migrants in Vietnam. In Rural-Urban Migration in Vietnam, pp. 117–141, Springer. Crossref, Google Scholar
Llull, J [2017] The effect of immigration on wages: Exploiting exogenous variation at the national level. Journal of Human Resources, 0315–7032R2. Web of Science, Google Scholar
Marr, WL and FW Millerd [1987] Migration and the Employment Status of Married Women, School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University. Google Scholar
Meng, X [2012] Labor market outcomes and reforms in China, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26, 75–102. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Nguyen, HT [2019a] Migration duration and migration outcomes. In Rural–Urban Migration in Vietnam, Springer, pp. 97–116. Crossref, Google Scholar
Nguyen, THG [2019b] Differences in consumption patterns between urban and rural migrant households in Vietnam. In Rural–Urban Migration in Vietnam, pp. 189–210, Springer. Crossref, Google Scholar
Phan, D and I Coxhead [2010] Inter-provincial migration and inequality during Vietnam’s transition. Journal of Development Economics, 91, 100–112. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Scott, S and TTK Chuyen [2004] Behind the numbers: Social mobility, regional disparities, and new trajectories of development in rural Vietnam. In Social Inequality in Vietnam and the Challenges to Reform, pp. 90–122. Crossref, Google Scholar
Solinger, DJ [1999] Citizenship issues in China’s internal migration: Comparisons with Germany and Japan. Political Science Quarterly, 114, 455–478. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Staiger, DO and JH Stock [1997] Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments. Econometrica, 65(3), 557–586. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Stock, JH and M Yogo (2005). Testing for weak instruments in linear IV regression, Ch.5, in Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas J. Rothenberg, (eds.) JH Stock and DWK Andrews. Google Scholar
UNDP (2010). Internal migration: opportunities and challenges for social-economic development in Vietnam, Technical Report, UN Publications by Agency. Google Scholar
Vietnamnews (2017). Household registration book to be scrapped, Vietnamnews.vn. Google Scholar
Wang, F-L [2004] Reformed migration control and new targeted people: China’s hukou system in the 2000s. The China Quarterly, 177, 115–132. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
Zhang, H [2010] The Hukou system’s constraints on migrant workers’ job mobility in Chinese cities. China Economic Review, 21, 51–64. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar