Neutrino is a tiny weakly interacting massive particle, but it has strong impacts on various cosmological and astrophysical phenomena. Neutrinos play a critical role in nucleosynthesis of light-to-heavy mass elements in core-collapse supernovae. The light element synthesis is particularly affected by neutrino oscillation (MSW) effect through the ν-process. We propose first that precise determination of sin² 2θ₁₃ and mass hierarchy can be made by a theoretical study of the observed ⁷Li/¹¹B ratio in stars and presolar grains which are produced from SN ejecta. Theoretical sensitivity in our proposed method is shown to be superior to ongoing long-baseline neutrino experiments for the parameter region 10⁻⁴ ≤ sin²2θ₁₃ ≤ 10⁻². We secondly discuss how to constrain the neutrino mass Σm_ν from precise analysis of cosmic microwave background anisotropies in the presence of primordial magnetic field. We obtain an upper limit Σm_ν < 1.3eV(2σ). Thirdly, we discuss decaying dark-matter particle model in order to solve the primordial lithium problems that the standard Big-Bang nucleosynthesis theory predicts extremely different ⁶Li and ⁷Li abundances from observations.

Work supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (17540275) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, the Mitsubishi Foundation, and the JSPS Core-to-Core Program, International Research Network for Exotic Femto Systems (EFES).

Keywords:

PACS: 26.30.-k, 98.70.Rz, 14.60.Pq, 26.30.-k

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