Research PapersNo Access
DENSE PACKING
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979204023684Cited by:2 (Source: Crossref)
Abstract
Phyllotaxis of plant organs, bacterial ordering and animal coat patterns are analyzed for homogeneity and density. The patterns are approximated by 15 tiles and characterized by the self-coordination numbers T1, T2, T3 of the nearest, next-nearest and third neighbors of the vertices of the tiles. Homogeneous structures with integer Ti values and maximum densities are obtained for distichous, whorled or spiral growth of leaves. Similar T1 values, such as T1=5 and 6 of sunflower seeds or bacteriae, give rise to maximum density. Inhomogeneous structures like the striped patterns of zebras with T1=1, 2 and 3 connections have a higher density than homogeneous stripes with T1=2. Maximum density is also obtained in icosahedral viruses.
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