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Structural, Optical and Room Temperature Magnetic Study of Mn-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

Majed Sharrouf

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University Beirut, Lebanon

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Ramadan Awad

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University Beirut, Lebanon

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Salem Marhaba

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University Beirut, Lebanon

E-mail Address: s.marhaba@bau.edu.lb

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, and

Douaa El-Said Bakeer

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University Damanhour, Egypt

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793292016500429Cited by:16 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn $_{1 - x}$ $_{1 - x}$ Mn_xO), with nominal weight percentages $(0.00 \leq x \leq 0.10)$ $(0.00 \leq x \leq 0.10)$ , have been synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From XRD analysis, the compound ZnMnO₃ is formed for $x \geq 0.05$ $x \geq 0.05$ with cubic structure ( $a = 8.3694$ $a = 8.3694$ Å) and its concentration increases with x. Moreover, XRD analysis reveals the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure for ZnO. The lattice parameters (a and c) of Zn $_{1 - x}$ $_{1 - x}$ Mn_xO are calculated and they increase with the doping concentration of Mn as a consequence of the larger ionic size of Mn $^{2 +}$ $^{2 +}$ ions compared to Zn $^{2 +}$ $^{2 +}$ ions. The crystallite size is calculated for all the samples using Debye–Scherrer’s method (SSM), Williamson–Hall methods (UDM, USDM and UDEDM) and Size-Strain Plot method (SSP), and the results are in good agreement with TEM. The presence of functional groups and the chemical bonding is confirmed by FTIR spectra that shows a peak shift between undoped and doped ZnO. The energy bandgap $(E_{g})$ $(E_{g})$ is calculated for different concentrations of Mn $(0.00 \leq x \leq 0.10)$ $(0.00 \leq x \leq 0.10)$ by using the UV-visible optical spectroscopy, between 300nm and 800nm, showing a noticeable drop in $E_{g}$ $E_{g}$ with x. At room temperature, the magnetization of the samples reveals the intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) behavior of undoped ZnO, ferromagnetic behavior of Zn_xMn $_{1 - x}$ $_{1 - x}$ O $(0.01 \leq x \leq 0.03)$ $(0.01 \leq x \leq 0.03)$ and the co-existence of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic behavior for Zn_xMn $_{1 - x}$ $_{1 - x}$ O $(0.05 \leq x \leq 0.10)$ $(0.05 \leq x \leq 0.10)$ . This ferromagnetism is decreased for the doped samples as a consequence of antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn ions. The two samples correspond to $x = 0.01$ $x = 0.01$ and $x = 0.10$ $x = 0.10$ , tend to be superparamagnetic because of the formation of single domain particles as a consequence of small particle size. $x = 0.03$ $x = 0.03$ shows an optimum value of Mn concentration for maximum saturation magnetization and the best ferromagnetic nature.

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