Research PaperNo Access

Dynamic Response and Shear Demand of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Impact Loading

Wuchao Zhao

State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China

E-mail Address: zwuchao219@126.com

Search for more papers by this author

and

Jiang Qian

State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China

E-mail Address: jqian@tongji.edu.cn

Corresponding author.

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455419500913Cited by:28 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams under the impact loading are typically prone to suffer shear failure in the local response phase. In order to enhance the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the RC beams, their dynamic response and shear demand are numerically investigated in this paper. A 3D finite-element model is developed and validated against the experimental data available in the literature. Taking advantage of the above calibrated numerical model, an intensive parametric study is performed to identify the effect of different factors including the impact velocity, impact mass and beam span-to-depth ratio on the impact response of the RC beams. It is found that, due to the inertial effect, a linear relationship exists between the maximum reverse support force and the peak impact force, while negative bending moments also appear in the shear span. In addition, the local response of the RC beams can be divided into a first impact stage and a separation stage. A shear plug is likely to be formed near the impact point at the first impact stage and a shear failure may be triggered near the support by large support forces. Based on the simulation results, simplified methods are proposed for predicting the shear demand for the two failure modes, whereas physical models are also established to illustrate the resistance mechanism of the RC beams at the peak impact force. By comparing with the results of the parametric study, it is concluded that the shear demand of the RC beams under the impact loading can be predicted by the proposed empirical formulas with reasonable accuracy.

Keywords:

Remember to check out the Most Cited Articles!
Remember to check out the structures

References

1. Q. Yan , Damage assessment of subway station columns subjected to blast loadings, Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 18(3) (2018) 1850034. Link, Web of Science, Google Scholar
2. Y. Sha and H. Hao , Laboratory tests and numerical simulations of CFRP strengthened RC pier subjected to barge impact load, Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 15(2) (2015) 1450037. Link, Web of Science, Google Scholar
3. W. Zhao, J. Qian and J. Wang , Performance of bridge structures under heavy goods vehicle impact, Comput. Concrete 22(6) (2018) 515–525. Web of Science, Google Scholar
4. AASHTO, Bridge design specifications, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC (2012). Google Scholar
5. BSI, National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges, NA to BS EN 1991-2: 2003, British Standards Institution (2008). Google Scholar
6. CEB, Concrete structures under impact and impulsive loading, Comité Euro-International du Béton, Bulletin D’Information, 87, Lausanne, Switzerland (1988). Google Scholar
7. S. Saatci and F. J. Vecchio , Effects of shear mechanisms on impact behavior of reinforced concrete beams, ACI Struct. J. 106(1) (2009) 78–86. Web of Science, Google Scholar
8. D. Zhao, W. Yi and S. K. Kunnath , Shear mechanisms in reinforced concrete beams under impact loading, J. Struct. Eng. 143(11) (2017) 04017089. Web of Science, Google Scholar
9. J. Guo, J. Cai and W. Chen , Inertial effect on RC beam subjected to impact loads, Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 17(4) (2017) 1750053. Link, Web of Science, Google Scholar
10. K. Fujikake, B. Li and S. Soeun , Impact response of reinforced concrete beam and its analytical evaluation, J. Struct. Eng. 135(10) (2009) 938–950. Web of Science, Google Scholar
11. S. Tachibana, H. Masuya and S. Nakamura , Performance based design of reinforced concrete beams under impact, Nat. Hazard. Earth. Syst. 10(6) (2010) 1069–1078. Web of Science, Google Scholar
12. N. Kishi and H. Mikami , Empirical formulas for designing reinforced concrete beams under impact loading, ACI Struct. J. 109(4) (2012) 509–519. Web of Science, Google Scholar
13. T. Zhan, Z. Wang and J. Ning , Failure behaviors of reinforced concrete beams subjected to high impact loading, Eng. Fail. Anal. 56 (2015) 233–243. Web of Science, Google Scholar
14. N. Kishi, H. Mikami, K. G. Matsuoka and T. Ando , Impact behavior of shear-failure-type RC beams without shear rebar, Int. J. Impact Eng. 27(11) (2002) 955–968. Web of Science, Google Scholar
15. J. Takeda, H. Tachikawa and K. Fujimoto , Basic concept on the responses of structural members and structures under impact or impulsive loadings, BAM, RILEM, CEB, IABSE, IASS Interassociation Symp., Berlin, Germany (1982), pp. 13–18. Google Scholar
16. D. M. Cotsovos , A simplified approach for assessing the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams under concentrated load applied at high rates, Int. J. Impact Eng. 37(10) (2010) 907–917. Web of Science, Google Scholar
17. T. M. Pham and H. Hao , Plastic hinges and inertia forces in RC beams under impact loads, Int. J. Impact Eng. 103 (2017) 1–11. Web of Science, Google Scholar
18. E. Lee and P. S. Symonds , Large plastic deformations of beams under transverse impact, J. Appl. Mech-Trans. ASME 19(3) (1952) 308–314. Web of Science, Google Scholar
19. W. Yi, D. Zhao and S. K. Kunnath , simplified approach for assessing shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams under impact loads, ACI Struct. J. 113(4) (2016) 747–756. Web of Science, Google Scholar
20. LS-DYNA, Keyword user’s manual, version 971, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, California, USA (2007). Google Scholar
21. H. Jiang, X. Wang and S. He , Numerical simulation of impact tests on reinforced concrete beams, Mater. Des. 39 (2012) 111–120. Web of Science, Google Scholar
22. Y. D. Murray, A. Y. Abu-Odeh and R. P. Bligh, User’s manual for LS-DYNA concrete material model 159, Federal Highway Administration (2007). Google Scholar
23. G. R. Cowper and P. S. Symonds , Strain-Hardening and Strain-Rate Effects in the Impact Loading of Cantilever Beams (Brown University, Rhode Island, USA, 1957). Google Scholar
24. N. Jones , Structural Impact (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2011). Google Scholar
25. A. Bentur, S. Mindess and N. Banthia , The behaviour of concrete under impact loading: Experimental procedures and method of analysis, Mater. Struct. 19(5) (1986) 371–378. Google Scholar
26. J. M. Biggs , Introduction to Structural Dynamics (McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1964). Google Scholar
27. P. Wongmatar, C. Hansapinyo, V. Vimonsatit and W. Chen , Recommendations for designing reinforced concrete beams against low velocity impact loads, Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 18(11) (2018) 1850104. Link, Web of Science, Google Scholar
28. A. K. Chopra , Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA, 2007). Google Scholar
29. J. Magnusson, M. Hallgren and A. Ansell , Shear in concrete structures subjected to dynamic loads, Struct. Concrete 15(1) (2014) 55–65. Web of Science, Google Scholar