No Access

COMPUTER-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTAR PRESSURE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT NEUROPATHY

Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Centre, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore

Corresponding author.

Search for more papers by this author

MUHAMMAD AFIQ RAHMAN

Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Centre, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

ZULKARNAIN AZIZ

Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Centre, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

PECK HA TAN

Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Centre, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

E. Y. K. NG

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

WENWEI YU

Department of Medical System Engineering, Chiba University, Japan 263-8522, Japan

Search for more papers by this author

CHELSEA LAW

Department of Rehabilitation, Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore 159964, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

TAVINTHARAN SUBRAMANIAM

Department of General Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore 159964, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

YUE SHUEN WONG

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore 159964, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

, and

CHEE FANG SUM

Department of General Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore 159964, Singapore

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219519408002668Cited by:12 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), especially after eating. People with diabetes have problems converting food to energy. The most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. Foot disease is a common complication of diabetes that can have tragic consequences. Abnormal plantar pressures are considered to play a major role in the pathologies of neuropathic ulcers in the diabetic foot. The purpose of this study was to classify the plantar pressure distribution in normal and type 2 diabetes subjects with and without neuropathy. Foot scans were obtained using the F-Scan (Tekscan, USA) in-shoe pressure measurement system. Various pedobarographic parameters such as the total plantar force, total contact area, peak pressures, and percentage medial impulse (PMI) were evaluated. These parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a >95% confidence interval, giving excellent p-values in all of the categories. When these extracted parameters were presented to the artificial neural network (ANN) for classification, the neural network classifier was seen to be correct in more than 90% of the test cases.

Keywords:

References

I. Aboderin et al. , Life Course Perspective on Coronary Heart Disease: Key Issues and Implications for Policy and Research ( World Health Organization , Geneva , 2002 ) . Google Scholar
S. Bloomet al., Br. Med. J. 288, 1793 (1984). Crossref, Google Scholar
G. E. Seifter and S. England, Carbohydrate Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus: Theory and Practice, 4th edn., eds. H. Rifkin and D. Porte Jr (Elsevier Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 1990) pp. 1–40. Google Scholar
S. E. Kahn and D. Porte Jr, Diabetes Mellitus: Theory and Practice, 4th edn., eds. H. Rifkin and D. Porte Jr (Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 1990) pp. 436–456. Google Scholar
G. M. Reaven, Diabetes 37, 1595 (1988), DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.37.12.1595. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
M. A. Berk , The Foot in Diabetes , ed. J. G. Sammarco ( Lea & Febiger , Philadelphia , 1991 ) . Google Scholar
Diabetes Institutes Foundation, Newsletter, http://www.dif.org/feb2006.html/, 2006 . Google Scholar
C. Schie and C. A. Abbott, J. Diabet. Foot 4, 173 (2001). Google Scholar
P. Cavanagh and J. Ulbrecht, Biomechanics of the Foot in Diabetes Mellitus, 5th edn. (Mosby-Year Book Inc., St. Louis, MO, 1993). Google Scholar
The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, The diabetic foot, http://www.aofas.org/diabetic.html/, 1999 . Google Scholar
Z. Patakyet al., Diabet. Med. 22(6), 762 (2005), DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01520.x. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
F. Abouaeshaet al., J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 94(1), 39 (2004). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
A. Grimmet al., Diabetes Nutr. Metab. 17(2), 108 (2004). Google Scholar
K. G. Prabhu, K. M. Patil and S. Srinivasan, Front. Med. Biol. Eng. 11(1), 31 (2001), DOI: 10.1163/156855701750383178. Crossref, Google Scholar
T. V. Jacobet al., Int. J. Low. Extrem. Wounds 2(3), 132 (2003). Google Scholar
G. Charanyaet al., Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. [H] 218, 431 (2004). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
M. N. Orlin and T. G. McPoil, Phys. Ther. 80, 399 (2000). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
A. Veveset al., Diabetologia 35, 660 (1992), DOI: 10.1007/BF00400259. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
R. G. Frykberget al., Diabetes Care 21(10), 1714 (1998), DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.10.1714. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
A. Caselliet al., Diabetes Care 25(6), 1066 (2002), DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.6.1066. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
S. Weinstein, J. Hand Ther. 6(1), 11 (1993). Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
P. R. Cavanagh, D. S. Sims and L. J. Sanders Jr, Diabetes Care 14, 750 (1991), DOI: 10.2337/diacare.14.8.750. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
B. Yegnanarayana , Artificial Neural Networks ( Prentice-Hall of India , New Delhi , 1999 ) . Google Scholar
R. P. Lippman, IEEE Commun. Mag. 27, 47 (1989), DOI: 10.1109/35.41401. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
V. K. Stamatios , Understanding Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic — Basic Concepts and Applications ( Prentice-Hall of India , New Delhi , 2000 ) . Google Scholar
S. Haykin , Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation ( MacMillan College Publishing Co. , New York , 1995 ) . Google Scholar
M. Norgaard et al. , Neural Networks for Modelling and Control of Dynamic Systems: A Practitioner's Handbook , Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing ( Springer-Verlag , London , 2001 ) . Google Scholar
Z. Stefan, S. Helmut and P. Martin, Diabetes Care 27, 942 (2004), DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1519-a. Web of Science, Google Scholar
R. L. Greenmanet al., Diabetes Care 28(6), 1425 (2005), DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1425. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
D. G. Armstrong and L. A. Lavery, Am. Fam. Physician 57(6), 1337 (1998). Google Scholar
K. A. Treeceet al., Diabet. Med. 21, 987 (2004), DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01275.x. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar