Abstract
Bone behaves as a complex composite material, and is highly heterogenous and anisotropic in nature due to its hierarchical structure. The effect of the location and orientation of bone specimens on the viscoelastic properties of bovine femoral cortical bone was examined in this study. The bone samples were extracted from different locations i.e., proximal, central and distal along the direction of longitudinal and transverse and underwent sinusoidal loading. The longitudinal orientation shows more values of loss tangent and loss modulus in comparison to transverse orientation bone samples. Across locations reveal no significant difference in the storage modulus, loss tangent, loss modulus and complex modulus. The trends in the complex and storage moduli remain consistent within both types of orientations. Significant differences were observed across the locations for both storage and recovered energy, with no variance in the hysteresis loss. The findings from the study shall help in a deep understanding of the bone biomechanics, offering insights for material design and orthopedic interventions in biomechanical engineering.
