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ArticlesNo Access

Symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted carboxy phthalocyanines as sensitizers for nanoporous ZnO films

Nkosiphile Masilela

Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-University Gieβen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gieβen, Germany

Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

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,

Nolwazi Nombona

Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

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,

Thomas Loewenstein

Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-University Gieβen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gieβen, Germany

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,

Tebello Nyokong

Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

SPP full member in good standing.

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, and

Derck Schlettwein

Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-University Gieβen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gieβen, Germany

Corresponding author, tel: +49 641-993-3400, fax: +49 641-993-3409.

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610002793Cited by:17 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

The photoelectroectrochemical studies of water soluble octacarboxylated oxotitanium (OTiOCPc), zinc (ZnOCPC), hydroxyaluminium ((OH)AlOCPc), dihydroxysilicon ((OH)₂SiOCPc), hydroxygallium (OHGaOCPc) and low symmetry zinc monocarboxy (ZnMCPc) phthalocyanines were performed. The dyes were adsorbed to nanoporous ZnO electrodeposited in the presence of eosin Y as structure directing agent (SDA) on FTO substrates by refluxing or soaking the films in a solution containing the dye of interest such that a full surface coverage was achieved. High external (IPCE) and internal (APCE) quantum efficiencies of up to 50.6% and 96.7% were achieved for the OTiOCPc complex. There was a lower overall cell efficiency for cells sensitized with phthalocyanines containing hydroxyl as axial ligand ZnO/(OH)₂SiOCPc, ZnO/(OH)GaOCPc and (OH)AlOCPc because of strong aggregation on the surface of the electrodes. To further suppress dye aggregation, the zinc complex of a new monocarboxylated phthalocyanine sensitizer with bulky naphtho side groups (ZnMCPc) was employed. Among the studied sensitizers, ZnMCPc gave the highest overall cell efficiency of phthalocyanine electrodeposited on ZnO of η = 0.48%.

Keywords:

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Vol. 14, No. 11

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History

Received 23 February 2010

Accepted 19 November 2010

Keywords