ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND MANAGEMENT IN ASIA: A LEARNING EXPERIENCE

As Asian countries enter the twenty-first century, they face a litany of environmental problems which are particularly reflected in the poor quality of urban settlements and diminishing natural resources. Many commentators look to the failure of regulation to explain these problems. In response, efforts are currently being made to strengthen existing regulatory structures in a number of countries throughout Asia. In the meantime, there is a growing consensus in the West that traditional "command and control" mechanisms are not necessarily the most effective means of resolving environmental problems. Alternative instruments such as enviromental assessment, environmental audits and management systems may be used more strategically to prevent pollution at source and to ensure that the polluter pays. This article considers the brief history of the use of these instruments in Asia to date and then considers what lessons might be drawn from the experience of other countries in respect to both the "command and control" and the more "strategic" forms of regulation as a basis for more fundamental reform. In conclusion, the paper considers the implications of education and training in Asia.