In this work, a novel nanocomposite (NC) based on the decoration of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ nanorods (NRs) on the GO surfaces was prepared using combined techniques of solvothermal method and photochemical process. Compared with the Ag-GO NC, the Ag-W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ -GO NC exhibited enhanced long-term antibacterial activity against the bacterium of Bacillus sp.1NLA3E (Bacillus sp.). The antibacterial mechanisms of both the Ag-GO and Ag-W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ -GO NCs were distinctly revealed by observation of the direct interaction between the Ag NPs, W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ NRs, or GO sheets and the bacterial cells. Results showed that the GO sheets in the NCs mainly acted as supports for trapping or wrapping the bacterial cells, and it was the Ag NPs or W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ NRs grown on the GO surfaces that caused direct damage to the cells. The synergistic effects between the Ag NPs or W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ NRs and the GO sheets resulted in the prominent long-term antibacterial effect of the Ag-W $_{18}$ $_{18}$ O $_{49}$ $_{49}$ -GO NC. This work provides in-depth understanding of the mechanism regarding the antibacterial activity of the GO-based NCs.

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