Research PapersOpen Access

Percolation effects in dc degradation of ZnO varistors

Department of Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, 72 Gagarin Ave., Dnepropetrovsk 49010, Ukraine

Search for more papers by this author

A. B. Glot

Division de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Tecnologica de la Mixteca, Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca 69000, Mexico

Search for more papers by this author

, and

A. V. Ivanchenko

Department of Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, 72 Gagarin Ave., Dnepropetrovsk 49010, Ukraine

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010135X15500083Cited by:7 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

For quantitative estimation of the degree of electrical disorder (electrical inhomogeneity) in ZnO varistor ceramics caused by a variation in the barrier height at different grain boundaries in a sample, the comparison of threshold electric fields (onsets of highly nonlinear current–voltage characteristics) in ceramics and single grain boundary (GB) is suggested and approved. At dc degradation similar behavior of the current–voltage characteristics of ZnO varistor ceramics and single GB is observed. The percolation model of Shklovskii–De Gennes is applicable for the description of a disorder in ZnO varistor ceramics. The degree of the disorder in ZnO varistor ceramics is not dependent on the duration of dc degradation at least at degradation time below 60 h. At voltages close to the onset of a highly nonlinear region of current–voltage characteristic the correlation radius of infinite cluster is ∼ 5 times greater than the average grain size.

This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY) License. Further distribution of this work is permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords:

References

K. Eda , A. Iga and M. Matsuoka , J. Appl. Phys. 51 , 2678 ( 1980 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
M. Hayashi et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 53 , 5754 ( 1982 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
K. Sato et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 53 , 8819 ( 1982 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
T. K. Gupta and W. G. Carlson, Additives and Interfaces in Electronic Ceramics, Advances in Ceramics 7, eds. M. F. Yan, A. H. Heuer and W. J. Smothers (The American Ceramic Society, Columbus, OH, 1984) pp. 30–41. Google Scholar
H. R. Philipp and L. M. Levinson, Additives and Interfaces in Electronic Ceramics, Advances in Ceramics 7, eds. M. F. Yan, A. H. Heuer and W. J. Smothers (The American Ceramic Society, Columbus, OH, 1984) pp. 1–21. Google Scholar
T. K. Gupta , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 , 1817 ( 1990 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
D. R. Clarke , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 , 485 ( 1999 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
J. M. Wu and J. J. Shyu , J. Mater. Sci. 24 , 1881 ( 1989 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. Bui et al. , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 24 , 757 ( 1991 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. S. Tonkoshkuret al., Electronnnaya Tekhnika. Ser. 5. Radiodetali i radiokomponenty 1(86), 62 (1992). Google Scholar
J. Fan and R. Freer , J. Mater. Sci. 28 , 1391 ( 1993 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
M. S. Castro , M. A. Benavente and C. M. Aldao , J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 5 , A341 ( 1993 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. S. Tonkoshkur , I. M. Chernenko and V. L. Subbota , Inorg. Mater. 31 , 730 ( 1995 ) . Google Scholar
A. B. Glot and S. V. Mazurik , Inorg. Mater. 36 , 636 ( 2000 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. S. Tonkoshkur et al. , Inorg. Mater. 36 , 745 ( 2000 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
S. J. So and C. B. Park , J. Korean Phys. Soc. 38 , 416 ( 2001 ) . Google Scholar
M. A. Ramírez et al. , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 , 122002 ( 2008 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
T. Tada , Electr. Eng. Jpn. 170 , 1 ( 2010 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
M. A. Ponce et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 108 , 074505 ( 2010 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
J. Liu et al. , Mater. Chem. Phys. 125 , 9 ( 2011 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
J. He et al. , J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 31 , 1451 ( 2011 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
X. T. Zhao et al. , Acta Phys. Sin. 62 , 077701 ( 2013 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. B. Glot, Electronnaya Tekhnika. Ser. 5. Radiodetali i radiokomponenty 3(52), 9 (1983). Google Scholar
F. Schipani , C. M. Aldao and M. A. Ponce , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 , 495302 ( 2012 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. V. Ivanchenko and A. S. Tonkoshkur , Multidiscipline Model. Mater. Struct. 3 , 477 ( 2007 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. V. Ivanchenko and A. S. Tonkoshkur , Ukr. J. Phys. 57 , 330 ( 2012 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
R. Einzinger , Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 52 , 244 ( 1975 ) . Google Scholar
J. T. C. van Kemenade and R. K. Eijnthoven , J. Appl. Phys. 50 , 938 ( 1979 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
E. Olsson and G. L. Dunlop , J. Appl. Phys. 66 , 3666 ( 1989 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. B. Glot, S. V. Firsin and A. Ya. Yakunin, Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Fizika 24(5), 101 (1981). Google Scholar
A. B. Glot, Advances in Varistor Technology, Ceramic Transactions 3, ed. L. M. Levinson (The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1989) pp. 194–203. Google Scholar
F. Greuteret al., Advances in Varistor Technology, Ceramic Transactions 3, ed. L. M. Levinson (The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1989) pp. 31–53. Google Scholar
Yu. A. Tonkoshkur and A. B. Glot , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 , 465305 ( 2012 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. S. Tonkoshkur , Sov. Phys. Solid State 32 , 1313 ( 1990 ) . Google Scholar
S. Li et al. , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35 , 1884 ( 2002 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. Mizukoshi et al. , IEEE Trans. Power. App. Syst. PAS 102 , 1384 ( 1983 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
H. Wang et al. , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 , 2013 ( 1998 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
K. H. Bäther et al. , Phys. Status Solidi (a) 74 , 559 ( 1982 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. I. Ivon et al. , Inorg. Mater. 34 , 1285 ( 1998 ) . Google Scholar
B. K. Avdeenko , A. I. Ivon and A. I. Schelokov , Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Neorg. Mater. 14 , 1162 ( 1978 ) . Google Scholar
C. W. Nan and D. R. Clarke , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 , 3185 ( 1996 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
C. W. Nan et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 89 , 3955 ( 2001 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
M. Bartkowiak and G. D. Mahan , Phys. Rev. B 51 , 10825 ( 1995 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
M. Bartkowiak et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 79 , 273 ( 1996 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
M. Bartkowiak et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 80 , 6516 ( 1996 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
B. K. Avdeenkoet al., Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika 24(5), 109 (1981). Google Scholar
A. S. Tonkoshkur and A. V. Ivanchenko, Multidiscipline Model. Mater. Struct. 10(3), 362 (2014). Crossref, Google Scholar
A. B. Glot, Electroceramics 5, Int. Conf. on Electronic Ceramics and Applications2, eds. J. L. Baptista, J. A. Labrincha and P. M. Vilarinho (TIPAVE, Aveiro, Portugal, 1996) pp. 553–556. Google Scholar
A. B. Glot , J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 17 , 755 ( 2006 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
W. G. Morris , J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 13 , 926 ( 1976 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. B. Glot , Inorg. Mater. 23 , 155 ( 1987 ) . Google Scholar
R. Einzinger , Appl. Surf. Sci. 3 , 390 ( 1979 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
G. E. Pike, Electronic properties of ZnO varistors: A new model, Grain Boundaries in Semiconductors, Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Ann. Meeting, eds. H. J. Leamy, G. E. Pike and C. H. Seager (1982) pp. 369–379. Google Scholar
G. Blatter and F. Greuter , Phys. Rev. B 34 , 8555 ( 1986 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. V. Ivanchenko , A. S. Tonkoshkur and V. O. Makarov , J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 , 3709 ( 2004 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
E. Canessa and V. L. Nguyen , Physica B: Condens. Matter 179 , 335 ( 1992 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
A. Vojta , Q. Wen and D. R. Clarke , Comput. Mater. Sci. 6 , 51 ( 1996 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
G. Hohenberger et al. , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74 , 2067 ( 1991 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
S. Kirkpatrick , Rev. Mod. Phys. 45 , 574 ( 1973 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
P. G. De Gennes , J. Phys. Lett. 37 , 1 ( 1976 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
B. I. Shklovskii and A. L. Efros , Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors ( Springer–Verlag , New York , 1984 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
B. I. Shklovskii and A. L. Efros , Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors ( Nauka , Moscow , 1979 ) . Google Scholar
B. I. Shklovskii , Sov. Phys.-Semicond. 13 , 53 ( 1979 ) . Google Scholar
A. S. Tonkoshkur , I. V. Gomilko and A. Yu. Lyashkov , J. Adv. Dielect. 4 , 1450013 ( 2014 ) . Link, Google Scholar