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Comprehensive study of electronic polarizability and band gap of B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–ZnO–SiO₂ glass network

Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa

School of Physics, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Institute of Nano-optoelectronics Research, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: iskandarshah@usm.my

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Nur Ain Nabilah Razali

School of Physics, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: nurainnabilah_razali@yahoo.com

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Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman

School of Physics, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Institute of Nano-optoelectronics Research, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: nzahirah@usm.my

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Nor Zakiah Yahaya

School of Distance Education, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: norzakiah@usm.my

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Muhammad Zulhafiz Mohamad Zaini

School of Physics, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: zulhafizzaini90@gmail.com

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Nur Lina Rusli

School of Physics, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: nurlinarusli@gmail.com

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Muhammad Bakhsh Nizamani

School of Physics, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

E-mail Address: mbnizamani@hotmail.com

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, and

Halimah Mohamed Kamari

Science Faculty, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail Address: hmk6360@gmail.com

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010135X1750031XCited by:9 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Quaternary glasses were successfully fabricated using melt quenching technique based on the chemical compound composition ( $x$ $x$ )Bi₂O₃–( $0.5 - x$ $0.5 - x$ ) ZnO–(0.2)B₂O₃–(0.3)SiO₂, where ( $x = 0.1$ $x = 0.1$ , 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.45) mole. The sources of SiO₂ was produced from rice husk ash (RHA) at 99.36% of SiO₂. The Urbach energy was increased from 0.16eV to the 0.29eV as the mole of Bi₂O₃ increased in the glass structure. The indirect energy band gap is indicated in decrement pattern with 3.15eV towards 2.51eV. The results of Urbach energy and band gap energy that were obtained are due to the increment of Bi $^{3 +}$ $^{3 +}$ ion in the glass network. The refractive indexes for the prepared glasses were evaluated at 2.36 to 2.54 based on the Lorentz–Lorentz formulation which correlated to the energy band gap. The calculated of molar polarizability, electronic polarizability and optical basicity exemplify fine complement to the Bi₂O₃ addition in the glass network. The glass sample was indicated in amorphous state.

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Vol. 07, No. 05

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History

Received 9 July 2017

Revised 10 September 2017

Accepted 26 September 2017

Published: 23 October 2017

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This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) License. Further distribution of this work is permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comprehensive study of electronic polarizability and band gap of B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–ZnO–SiO₂ glass network