Structural Modification of BODIPY Molecules with Outstanding Photovoltaic Properties for Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant interest from researchers due to their low cost, high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), and ability to compensate for light deficits. Four new acceptor molecules (CC1–CC4) have been designed. Several parameters have been studied including frontier molecular orbital (FMO), density of states (DOS), transition density matrix (TDM), reorganizational energies of electrons and holes, open circuit voltage ($V_{\text{o}\text{c}})$, and charge transfer analysis. The designed molecules (CC1–CC4) show promising optoelectronic features, with a narrower energy gap (0.320–1.922 eV) and absorption properties demonstrating that designed molecules exhibit ${\lambda }_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}$ (560–698 nm). Excitation energy values range from 1.776 eV to 2.216 eV, which is lower for all of the developed compounds. This study will help researchers to design molecules for the development of efficient OSCs.