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The Institutional Foundations of Religious Freedom

Mark Koyama

George Mason University, USA

Associate Professor in Economics at the Center for Study of Public Choice, Research Fellow at CEPR, and Senior Scholar at the Mercatus Center.

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S2737436X20500065Cited by:2 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

How did religious freedom emerge? I address this question by building on the framework of Johnson and Koyama’s Persecution & Toleration: The Long Road to Religious Freedom (2019). First, I establish that premodern societies, reliant on identity rules, were incapable of liberalism and religious freedom. Identity rules and restrictions on religious freedom were part of a political-economy equilibrium that ensured social order. Second, I examine developments like the Reformation and the Industrial Revolution, as shocks to this premodern identity rules and conditional toleration equilibrium. Finally, I consider several examples that support the claim that the move from identity rules to general rules allowed religious freedom to flourish.

Keywords:

JEL: N0, N4, N43, Z1

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