Chapter 7: Element Design: Case Studies

In this chapter, we demonstrate the use of surrogate-assisted optimization techniques for the design of individual printed-circuit antenna structures including those used as elements of antenna arrays. In all cases, we utilize different variations of surrogate modeling methods, variable-fidelity EM simulation models, response correction techniques, some of which have been discussed in the previous parts of this book, particularly, in Chapter 5. We also emphasize a point that depending on particular design objectives, generic optimization methods need to be tailored for a specific design task, e.g., when dealing with explicit reduction of the antenna size, or especially when finding design trade-offs between conflicting antenna figures. Some of the case studies are provided with experimental verification although — from the optimization viewpoint — the ultimate validating model is the high-fidelity EM simulation one.