FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF CCN5

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• SUMMARY OF DISCOVERIES AND INVESTIGATIONS OF CCN5

  • Studies of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

  • Uterine Smooth Muscle Cells

  • Studies of Rodent Embryonic Fibroblasts

  • Studies of Transformed Mammary Epithelial Cells and Human Colon Tumors

  • Studies of Human Bone Cells

  • Studies of Human Breast Cancer Cells

• CCN5 GENE, mRNA, AND PROTEIN STRUCTURE

  • Tools Developed for Studies of CCN5

    • Antibodies to CCN5

    • Viral and plasmid CCN5 expression constructs

    • Inhibitory RNA molecules for CCN5

    • Recombinant CCN5

  • CCN5 Gene Location, mRNA Structure, and Promoter

  • Analysis of the Molecular Size of the CCN5 Protein

• MODELS USED FOR THE STUDY OF CCN5 EXPRESSION

  • Tissue and Animal Models

  • Cultured Cell Models

  • Other Cells and Tissues Examined for CCN5 Expression

• BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OFALTERED CCN5 EXPRESSION

  • Arrest of Cell Proliferation

  • Promotion of Cell Proliferation

  • Inhibition of Cell Motility

  • Cellular Invasiveness

  • Adhesion of Cells to Substrates

  • Induction of Apoptosis

  • Morphology

  • Tumorigenicity

  • Osteocalcin Production

• REGULATORY MOLECULES FOR CCN5 EXPRESSION (TABLE 7)

  • Heparin

  • Estrogen

  • Serum

  • Other CCN5 Regulatory Molecules

• SUMMARYAND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR CCN5 RESEARCH

  • Do General Pathophysiologic Roles Exist for CCN5?

  • Does the Data Support the Hypothesis that CCN5 Is the Anti-4-Domain CCN?

  • The Need for Genetically Tractable Animal Models for CCN5 Expression

  • CCN5—AVersatile ProteinWhose Function and Regulation Varies by Cell Type?

• REFERENCES