Chapter 5: Application: Black holes

We will introduce black holes and discuss their thermodynamics. This will require defining both terms.

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that studies systems with incomplete information. A prototypical example of a thermodynamical system is a gas. Typically it is constituted by approximately 10²³ molecules. Obviously we cannot keep track of all of their positions and velocities. So we resort to “macro” variables to characterize its state, like the pressure and temperature…