BLOCH OSCILLATIONS OF ULTRACOLD ATOMS: A TOOL FOR METROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
In this paper, we show that Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice is a strong tool to measure accurately some physical constants. In particular we describe two experimental approaches using a pure and an accelerated vertical standing wave to perform respectively a determination of the local acceleration of gravity g to ppm precision and of the fine structure constant α below 10 ppb.