First Experimental Implementations

The following sections are included:

• NMR quantum computation

  • The system Hamiltonian

  • The physical apparatus

  • Quantum ensemble computation

  • Refocusing

  • Demonstration of quantum algorithms

• Cavity quantum electrodynamics

  • Rabi oscillations

  • Entanglement generation

  • The quantum phase gate

• The ion-trap quantum computer

  • The Paul trap

  • Laser pulses

  • Realization of the Cirac–Zoller CNOT gate

  • Entanglement generation

• Solid state qubits

  • Spins in semiconductors

  • Quantum dots

  • Superconducting qubit circuits

• Quantum communication with photons

  • Linear optics

  • Experimental quantum teleportation

  • Experimental quantum-key distribution

• Problems and prospects

• A guide to the bibliography