APPLICATIONS OF HIGH-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND TO DIAGNOSTIC AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) measurement techniques have been developed for application to diagnostic and regenerative medicine. The ultrasonic propagation and scattering properties of several biological materials have been measured over frequency ranges between 15 and 65 MHz. Ex vivo measurements of murine pulmonary arterial walls show the potential role of HFUS in monitoring pulmonary arterial hypertension. Similarly, ex vivo measurements of bovine cartilage and poly(ethylene glycol) based hydrogels indicate that HFUS techniques may permit real-time, online monitoring of functional tissue-engineered cartilage. Lastly, ex vivo measurements of human coronary arteries with atherosclerotic plaque have been performed to develop an in vivo tool (VH™ IVUS) for management of coronary artery disease. Additional discussion concerning standards and technologies for HFUS as well as opportunities to improve understanding of the interaction of HFUS and tissue is provided.