FUNDAMENTALS OF CREATION OF NANOPOROUS SOLID MATERIALS

The classification of materials with nanostructure and the methods of nanoparticles synthesis are presented. There is considered the scientific foundations of creation of nanoporous solid materials, nanoparticles and nanofilms by liquid-phase condensation using sol-gel technology or by fluid atomization. The main theoretical and experimental research concerns supercritical, conventional, super high frequency, spray and freeze-spray types of drying. The approaches based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics and the heterogeneous media mechanics have been used for the mathematical description of structure formation process of nanoporous materials. The proposed approach allows to combine physical-chemical phenomena and structure formation for production of aerogels and xerogels (nanostructured films and nanoparticles). The recommendations have been done to reduce drying stress in nanomaterials. The innovative equipment for production of ultradispersed and nanodispersed powders such as super high frequency dryer, spray dryer with ultrasonic nozzle or electric atomization and freeze dryer with active hydrodynamics is presented.