BIOLOGY OF FUNGI

The following sections are included:

• STRUCTURE

  • Cellular Organization

    • The Hypha of Filamentous Fungi

      • Organelles

      • Septa

      • Secondary Mycelium of Basidiomycetes

      • Cell Walls

      • Membranes

    • Unicellular fungi

  • Specialized Vegetative Structures

    • The Appressoria

    • Haustoria

    • Sclerotia

    • Rhizomorphs

  • Specialized Reproductive Structures

    • Sexual

    • Nonsexual

• THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FUNGAL CELLS

  • Chemical Differences

  • Proximate Values

  • Useful Generalizations

  • Procedure for Chemical Analysis

• GROWTH

  • Problems of Measurement

  • Kinetics of Growth

    • Unicellular Forms

    • Mycelial Fungi

  • Mycelial Systems

    • Hyphal Tip Growth

    • Hyphal Branching

    • Hyphal Fusion

  • Nutritional Requirements For Growth

    • Essential Elements

      • Oxygen

      • Carbon

      • Nitrogen

      • Sulfur

      • Phosphorus

      • Potassium

      • Magnesium

      • Trace elements

    • Vitamins

      • Vitamin B₁

      • Biotin

      • Others Vitamins

  • Physical Requirements For Growth and Development

    • Hydrogen Ion Concentration

    • Temperature

    • Moisture

    • Light

    • Aeration

    • Gravity

  • Metabolism

    • Carbon

    • Respiration

    • Nitrogen

      • Amino Acid Biosynthesis

      • Nitrogen Metabolites

  • Reproduction

    • Non-Sexual Reproduction

      • Reproductive Methods

      • Heterokaryosis

      • Parasexuality

    • Sexual Reproduction

      • Homothallism

      • Heterothallism

      • Hormonal Control

    • By Spores

• Mode of Nutrition in Nature

  • Saprophytism

  • Parasitism

• GENETICS OF FUNGI

  • Mutants As Genetical Markers

  • Genome Karyotypes Determined by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis

  • Mitochondrial Genetics

  • Sexuality and Mating Reactions

    • Bipolar or unifactorial systems

    • Tetrapolar or bifactorial systems

    • The concept of primary homothallism

    • Basis of secondary homothallism in Agaricus bisporus

    • The formation of heterothallic fruiting bodies in bipolar systems

      • Pattern of Agaricus bitorquis and Pholiota nameko

    • The formation of heterothallic fruiting bodies in tetrapolar systems

      • Pattern of Schizophyllum commune and Lentinula edodes

      • Pattern of Pleurotus spp

  • Mating type genes

  • Transformation in mushrooms

  • Parasexual process in mushrooms

  • Breeding of edible mushrooms

    • The empirical approach

    • Controlled genetic hybridization

    • Use of genetic markers