Chapter 3: Three-dimensional Bioprinting for Cartilage Regeneration

Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage which has very limited self-repairingcapacity after its degeneration or injury. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting provides a promising method for repair and regeneration of articular cartilage. Significant progress has been made in 3D bioprinting for cartilage regeneration, particularly in printing hydrogels in combination of cells and growth factors. In this chapter, we reviewed recent progress in cartilage 3D bioprinting, including the use of various cell sources and growth factors for cartilage formation. We also discussed the challenges and the future research directions of cartilage regeneration.