CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION

The necessity of reducing the size of electronic circuit elements while devising environmentally pure technologies for producing them has, in the last three decades, spawned an interdisciplinary area of research termed bioelectronics, originally based on the idea that a single molecule can work as a self-contained elementary information processor so that novel computer architectures can be built, including those that could emulate the brain (Nicolini, 1990). An overview of this area was given in papers by Nicolini (1995a,b, 1996a, 2008, 2015) where some of significant progress up to date was in the areas of biomolecular electronics, neural VLSI chip (Khodabandehloo et al., 2012), nanoelectronics and biomolecular engineering. To date, the tiniest transistor in production, belonging to the family of “Ivy Bridge,” has an average gate of 22 nm, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microstructure)…