ArticleOpen Access

A BACTERIA FORAGING ALGORITHM-BASED HYBRID A-LAW AND PTS PAPR REDUCTION METHOD FOR BEYOND 5G WAVEFORM

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560103, Karnataka, India

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NISHANT GAUR

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-1465

Department of Physics, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, Rajasthan, India

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AZIZ NANTHAAMORNPHONG

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-6001

College of Computing, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand

E-mail Address: aziz.n@phuket.psu.ac.th

Corresponding author.

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NADA ALZABEN

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-4730

Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

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ABDULSAMAD EBRAHIM YAHYA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9207-2372

Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University Arar, Saudi Arabia

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SIWAR BEN HAJ HASSINE

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-1930

Department of Computer Science, College of Science & Art at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia

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NASIR ALBALAWEE

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-3572

Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan

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, and

SAMAH AL ZANIN

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3634-2840

Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Kharj, Saudi Arabia

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218348X25400043Cited by:0 (Source: Crossref)

This article is part of the issue:

Special Issue on Application of Brain-Like Computing to the Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems — Part I
Leading Guest Editor: Shadi Mahmoud Faleh AlZu’bi, Guest Editors: Maysam Abbod and Ashraf Darwish

Abstract

One of the most advanced waveforms available in the beyond-fifth-generation radio (B5GR) framework is nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The power amplifier (PA) of the NOMA structure performs less efficiently when the signal is strong and the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is high. This study applies a hybrid algorithm to the NOMA structure, combining fractal partial transmit sequence (PTS), A-law companding, and the bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA). Fractals are known for their self-repeating structures at different scales, allowing for efficient coverage and exploration of space. Fractals enhance the bacteria foraging algorithm (BFA) by improving search efficiency, enabling better exploration of complex, multi-dimensional optimization landscapes. Similarly, BFA balances exploring the search in promising areas. We utilized BFA to achieve optimal phase factors for the PTS algorithm and applied A-Law companding to the NOMA symbols to further enhance the structure’s performance. The intermediate computational complexity in the Rician and Rayleigh channels improves PAPR, bit error rate (BER), and power spectral density performance. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the proposed hybrid method is superior to that of existing PAPR reduction algorithms and substantially enhances the efficiency of NOMA.

Keywords:

References

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Vol. 32, No. 09n10

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Received 8 May 2024

Accepted 21 June 2024

Published: October 29, 2024

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This is an Open Access article in the “Special Issue on Application of Brain-like Computing to the Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems — Part I”, edited by Shadi Mahmoud Faleh AlZu’bi (Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Jordan), Maysam Abbod (Brunel University London, UK) & Ashraf Darwish (Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt), published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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A BACTERIA FORAGING ALGORITHM-BASED HYBRID A-LAW AND PTS PAPR REDUCTION METHOD FOR BEYOND 5G WAVEFORM

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