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Ruthenium phthalocyanines with axial carboxylate ligands: Synthesis and function in solar cells based on nanocrystalline TiO₂

Masaru Yanagisawa

Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

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Ferenc Korodi

Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

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Jianjun He

Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden

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Licheng Sun

Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Corresponding author.

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Villy Sundström

Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden

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, and

Björn Åkermark

Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000257Cited by:33 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of phthalocyaninato-ruthenium (PcRu) complexes with potential functional axial ligands are described. The solubility of these PcRu complexes was much improved compared to their parent phthalocyanines without Ru, enabling purification by normal flash column chromatography and also NMR measurements in common solvents (e. g. DMSO-d₆ and CDCl₃). Adsorption of these phthalocyanine dyes onto the surface of a semiconductor through the carboxyl group(s) in the axial ligands prevents to some extent formation of H-aggregates, which is typical for phthalocyanines. It also prevents stacking of the dye molecules on the surface. The photovoltaic behavior of sandwich solar cells based on nanostructured TiO₂ films sensitized by these PcRu complexes was studied under irradiation with visible light. For a solar cell based on bis(4-carboxypyridine)-phthalocyaninato ruthenium(II) (1) sensitized nanoporous-nanocrystalline TiO₂, a monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 21% was obtained at 640 nm. The overall conversion efficiency (η) was 0.61%, which is one of the best results for a solar cell based on a phthalocyanine dye. For a cell based on (4-carboxypyridine)-(4-(2-ethoxy)ethyloxycarbo-nylpyridine)-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(n-pentyloxy)-phthalocyaninato ruthenium(II) (5) sensitized TiO₂, a IPCE of 6.6% at 640 nm and η of 0.58% were obtained.

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