Research PaperNo Access

Efficient Mode-Coupling Calculation for Constant Depth Ocean with Range-Dependent Sound–Speed Fluctuation

Jungyong Park

Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea

Search for more papers by this author

and

Haesang Yang

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-5195

Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

E-mail Address: coupon3@snu.ac.kr

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S2591728521500249Cited by:0 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

In this paper, a criterion for efficient coupled-mode matrix calculation in a constant depth ocean with range-dependent sound–speed fluctuation is proposed. The usual stepwise coupled mode requires high computational power to calculate the mode-coupling matrix at each interface of the range segment. To reduce the computational complexity, the criterion for selecting appropriate mode pairs, which strongly affects the mode-coupling matrix, is derived from perturbation theory. This criterion determines the effective range of the modal beat wavenumber. Numerical examples indicate that compared with the full calculation of the mode-coupling matrix, for the calculation using the proposed criterion, the computational complexity is significantly reduced, while the accuracies of the mode-coupling matrix and acoustic field are maintained.

Keywords:

References

1. X. Yu, L. Peng and G. Yu , Temporal coherence for sound transmission through fluctuating deep water with adiabatic perturbed modes, J. Theor. Comput. Acoust. 28 (2020) 195000101–195000114. Link, Google Scholar
2. B. J. DeCourcy and T. F. Duda , A coupled mode model for omnidirectional three-dimensional underwater sound propagation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 148 (2020) 51–62. Crossref, Google Scholar
3. T. K. Chandrayadula, S. Periyasamy, J. A. Colosi, P. F. Worcester, M. A. Dzieciuch, J. A. Mercer and R. K. Andrew , Observations of low-frequency, long-range acoustic propagation in the Philippine Sea and comparisons with mode transport theory, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147 (2020) 877–897. Crossref, Google Scholar
4. J. Park, H. Yang, W. Seong and Y. Choo , Reverberation level modeling via coupled mode approach in shallow-water sound channel with internal solitary waves, J. Theor. Comput. Acoust. 27 (2019) 185004501–185004518. Link, Google Scholar
5. L. Dumaz, J. Garnier and G. Lepoultier , Acoustic and geoacoustic inverse problems in randomly perturbed shallow-water environments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146 (2019) 458–469. Crossref, Google Scholar
6. O. Carrière, J.-P. Hermand and J. V. Candy , Inversion for time-evolving sound–speed field in a shallow ocean by ensemble Kalman filtering, IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 34 (2009) 586–602. Crossref, Google Scholar
7. O. Carrière, J.-P. Hermand, J.-C. Le Gac and M. Rixen , Full-field tomography and Kalman tracking of the range-dependent sound speed field in a coastal water environment, J. Mar. Syst. 78 (2009) S382–S392. Crossref, Google Scholar
8. L. B. Dozier and F. D. Tappert , Statistics of normal mode amplitudes in a random ocean. I. Theory, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63 (1978) 353–365. Crossref, Google Scholar
9. E. K. Skarsoulis , Second-order Fourier synthesis of broadband acoustic signals using normal modes, J. Comput. Acoust. 5 (1997) 355–370. Link, Google Scholar
10. E. K. Skarsoulis , Fast coupled-mode approximation for broad-band pulse propagation in a range-dependent ocean, IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 24 (1999) 172–182. Crossref, Google Scholar
11. C. T. Tindle, L. M. O’Driscoll and C. J. Higham , Coupled mode perturbation theory of range dependence, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 (2000) 76–83. Crossref, Google Scholar
12. C. J. Higham and C. T. Tindle , Coupled perturbed modes and internal solitary waves, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113 (2003) 2515–2522. Crossref, Google Scholar
13. G. N. Makrakis and E. K. Skarsoulis , Asymptotic approximation of ocean-acoustic pulse propagation in the time domain, J. Comput. Acoust. 12 (2004) 197–215. Link, Google Scholar
14. J. A. Colosi , Acoustic mode coupling induced by shallow water nonlinear internal waves: Sensitivity to environmental conditions and space-time scales of internal waves, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 (2008) 1452–1464. Crossref, Google Scholar
15. T. C. Yang , Acoustic mode coupling induced by nonlinear internal waves: Evaluation of the mode coupling matrices and applications, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135 (2014) 610–625. Crossref, Google Scholar
16. F.-L. Zhu, E. I. Thorsos and F.-H. Li , Coupled perturbed modes over sloping penetrable bottom, Chinese Phys. Lett. 34 (2017) 0743021–0743024. Crossref, Google Scholar
17. R. B. Evans , A coupled mode solution for acoustic propagation in a waveguide with stepwise depth variations of a penetrable bottom, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74 (1983) 188–195. Crossref, Google Scholar
18. J. R. Apel, M. Badiey, C.-S Chiu, S. Finette, R. Headrick, J. Kemp, J. F. Lynch, A. Newhall, M. H. Orr, B. H. Pasewark, D. Tielbüerger, A. Turgut, K. von der Heydt and S. Wolf , An overview of the 1995 SWARM shallow-water internal wave acoustic scattering experiment, IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng, 22 (1997) 465–500. Crossref, Google Scholar
19. D. Tang, J. N. Moum, J. F. Lynch, P. Abbot, R. Chapman, P. H. Dahl, T. F. Duda, G. Gawarkiewicz, S. Glenn, J. A. Goff, H. Graber, J. Kemp, A. Maffei, J. D. Nash and A. Newhall , Shallow Water’06: A joint acoustic propagation/nonlinear internal wave physics experiment, Oceanogr. 20 (2007) 156–167. Crossref, Google Scholar
20. J. Park, W. Seong, H. Yang, S. H. Nam, S. W. Lee and Y. Choo , Broadband acoustic signal variability induced by internal solitary waves and semidiurnal internal tides in the northeastern East China Sea, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146 (2019) 1110–1123. Crossref, Google Scholar
21. R. H. Headrick, J. F. Lynch, J. N. Kemp, A. E. Newhall, K. von der Heydt, M. Badiey, C.-S Chiu, S. Finette, M. H. Orr, B. H. Pasewark, A. Turgot, S. Wolf and D. Tielbüerger , Modeling mode arrivals in the 1995 SWARM experiment acoustic transmissions, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 (2000) 221–236. Crossref, Google Scholar
22. J. R. Apel, L. A. Ostrovsky, Y. A. Stepanyants and J. F. Lynch , Internal solitons in the ocean and their effect on underwater sound, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 (2007) 695–722. Crossref, Google Scholar
23. J. C. Preisig and T. F. Duda , Coupled acoustic mode propagation through continental-shelf internal solitary waves, IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 22 (1997) 256–269. Crossref, Google Scholar
24. T. F. Duda, J. F. Lynch, J. D. Irish, R. C. Beardsley, S. R. Ramp, C.-S. Chiu, T. Y. Tang and Y.-J. Yang , Internal tide and nonlinear internal wave behavior at the continental slope in the northern South China Sea, IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 29 (2004) 1105–1130. Crossref, Google Scholar
25. D. Tielbürger, S. Finette and S. Wolf , Acoustic propagation through an internal wave field in a shallow water waveguide, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101 (1997) 789–808. Crossref, Google Scholar
26. M. B. Porter, The KRAKEN normal mode program, SACLANTCEN Memorandum SM-245, La Spezia, Italy (1991). Google Scholar
27. M. D. Collins , A split-step Padé solution for the parabolic equation method, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93 (1993) 1736–1742. Crossref, Google Scholar